Contents


babl is a dynamic, any to any, pixel format translation library.

It allows converting between different methods of storing pixels known as pixel formats that have with different bitdepths and other data representations, color models and component permutations.

A vocabulary to formulate new pixel formats from existing primitives is provided as well as the framework to add new color models and data types.

Features

GEGL through GeglBuffer provides tiled buffers with on disk storage as well as linear buffers with accessor functions for efficient data access transparently using babl fishes for translation to the desired pixel formats.

Download

The latest versioned development version of babl can be found in ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/babl/.

Babl development happens in GNOME Subversion in the babl module. It can be browsed online and checked out with:

svn co http://svn.gnome.org/svn/babl/trunk/ babl

The following is a list of the major changes that have gone into each babl release. If there are significant improvements to babl when a GEGL release is done a babl release is most often put out just prior to the GEGL release.

2008-06-12 babl-0.0.22
Speed improvements due to: coalesced hashing, early bail out upon creation of duplicate formats, caching of non existing paths. Large amounts of the core has also been reviewed and refactored. Improved conversion coverage in the matrix.
2008-02-27 babl-0.0.20
Builds on OSX Check <0.0 and >1.0 values conversions for accuracy as well.
For more news see the current ChangeLog in subversion.

Documentation

When using BablFishes to do your conversions, you request a fish to convert between two formats, and an optimal fish to babls capability is provided that you can use to do your conversions. Babl also provides the capability to describe new formats based on a vocabulary of user registered color models and data types.

Babl provides a base vocabulary in BablBase and some extensions that are thought to be generally useful.

When performing further extensions to the vocabulary of babl, the internal consistency is governed by reference conversions that operate on double (64 bit floating point values). The only color model created during BablCore bootstrap is RGBA (linear light RGB, 0.0 - 1.0, with a linear 0.0 - 1.0 opacity channel) backed by the double datatype. Defined similarily to scRGB using 64bit floating point.

If babls conversion isn't fast enough, you can provide your own conversion shortcut between two formats. The registered shortcut might also be used by babl as an intermediate conversion when constructing BablFishes for other conversions.

Babl extensions are shared objects. If you have already developed some fast conversion functions, wrapping them as babl extensions should not take much time and will speed up babl for other users as well.

Usage

babl_process (babl_fish (source_format, destination_format),
              source_buffer, destination_buffer,
              pixel_count);

The processing operation that babl performs is copying including conversions if needed between linear buffers containing the same count of pixels, with different pixel formats.

int width = 123, height = 581, pixel_count = width * height;

const Babl *srgb            = babl_format ("R'G'B' u8");
const Babl *lab             = babl_format ("CIE Lab float");
const Babl *rgb_to_lab_fish = babl_fish (srgb, lab);

float         *lab_buffer;
unsigned char *srgb_buffer;

srgb_buffer = malloc (pixel_count * srgb->format.bytes_per_pixel);
lab_buffer  = malloc (pixel_count * 3 * 4);

...... load data into srgb_buffer .......

babl_process (bablfish, srgb_buffer, lab_buffer, pixel_count);

...... do operation in lab space ........

babl_process (babl_fish(lab, srgb),
              lab_buffer, srgb_buffer, pixel_count);

/* the data has now been transformed back to srgb data */

If the existing pixel formats are not sufficient for your conversion needs, new ones can be created on the fly. The constructor will provide the prior created one if duplicates are registered.

const Babl *format = babl_format_new (babl_model ("R'G'B'"),
                                      babl_type ("u16"),
                                      babl_component ("B'"),
                                      babl_component ("G'"),
                                      babl_component ("R'"),
                                      NULL);

Vocabulary


+-
bits
64
bytes
8
bits
32
bytes
4
bits
8
bytes
1
bits
8
bytes
1
bits
8
bytes
1
bits
16
bytes
2
bits
32
bytes
4
bits
8
bytes
1
bits
8
bytes
1
bits
16
bytes
2
bits
16
bytes
2
components
R
G
B
A
components
R
G
B
components
Ra
Ga
Ba
A
components
R'
G'
B'
components
R'
G'
B'
A
components
R'a
G'a
B'a
A
components
Y
components
Y
A
components
Ya
A
components
Y'
components
Y'
A
components
Y'a
A
components
Y'
Cb
Cr
components
Y'
Cb
Cr
A
components
cyan
magenta
yellow
key
components
CIE L
CIE a
CIE b
components
CIE L
CIE a
CIE b
A
bytes/pixel
32
model
RGBA
components
doubleR
doubleG
doubleB
doubleA
bytes/pixel
32
model
R'G'B'A
components
doubleR'
doubleG'
doubleB'
doubleA
bytes/pixel
32
model
R'aG'aB'aA
components
doubleR'a
doubleG'a
doubleB'a
doubleA
bytes/pixel
3
model
R'G'B'
components
u8R'
u8G'
u8B'
bytes/pixel
4
model
R'G'B'A
components
u8R'
u8G'
u8B'
u8A
bytes/pixel
16
model
RGBA
components
floatR
floatG
floatB
floatA
bytes/pixel
12
model
RGB
components
floatR
floatG
floatB
bytes/pixel
16
model
Y'aA
components
doubleY'a
doubleA
bytes/pixel
8
model
Y
components
doubleY
bytes/pixel
16
model
YA
components
doubleY
doubleA
bytes/pixel
24
model
Y'CbCr
components
doubleY'
doubleCb
doubleCr
bytes/pixel
32
model
Y'CbCrA
components
doubleY'
doubleCb
doubleCr
doubleA
bytes/pixel
3
model
Y'CbCr
components
u8-lumaY'
u8-chromaCb
u8-chromaCr
bytes/pixel
16
model
R'G'B'A
components
floatR'
floatG'
floatB'
floatA
bytes/pixel
8
model
R'G'B'A
components
u16R'
u16G'
u16B'
u16A
bytes/pixel
16
model
R'aG'aB'aA
components
floatR'a
floatG'a
floatB'a
floatA
bytes/pixel
8
model
R'aG'aB'aA
components
u16R'a
u16G'a
u16B'a
u16A
bytes/pixel
4
model
R'aG'aB'aA
components
u8R'a
u8G'a
u8B'a
u8A
bytes/pixel
12
model
R'G'B'
components
floatR'
floatG'
floatB'
bytes/pixel
6
model
R'G'B'
components
u16R'
u16G'
u16B'
bytes/pixel
8
model
Y'A
components
floatY'
floatA
bytes/pixel
8
model
Y'aA
components
floatY'a
floatA
bytes/pixel
4
model
Y'
components
floatY'
bytes/pixel
4
model
Y'A
components
u16Y'
u16A
bytes/pixel
4
model
Y'aA
components
u16Y'a
u16A
bytes/pixel
2
model
Y'
components
u16Y'
bytes/pixel
2
model
Y'A
components
u8Y'
u8A
bytes/pixel
2
model
Y'aA
components
u8Y'a
u8A
bytes/pixel
1
model
Y'
components
u8Y'
bytes/pixel
12
model
Y'CbCr
components
floatY'
floatCb
floatCr
bytes/pixel
16
model
Y'CbCrA
components
floatY'
floatCb
floatCr
floatA
bytes/pixel
8
model
RGBA
components
u16R
u16G
u16B
u16A
bytes/pixel
4
model
RGBA
components
u8R
u8G
u8B
u8A
bytes/pixel
16
model
RaGaBaA
components
floatRa
floatGa
floatBa
floatA
bytes/pixel
8
model
RaGaBaA
components
u16Ra
u16Ga
u16Ba
u16A
bytes/pixel
4
model
RaGaBaA
components
u8Ra
u8Ga
u8Ba
u8A
bytes/pixel
6
model
RGB
components
u16R
u16G
u16B
bytes/pixel
3
model
RGB
components
u8R
u8G
u8B
bytes/pixel
8
model
YA
components
floatY
floatA
bytes/pixel
8
model
YaA
components
floatYa
floatA
bytes/pixel
4
model
Y
components
floatY
bytes/pixel
4
model
YA
components
u16Y
u16A
bytes/pixel
4
model
YaA
components
u16Ya
u16A
bytes/pixel
2
model
Y
components
u16Y
bytes/pixel
2
model
YA
components
u8Y
u8A
bytes/pixel
2
model
YaA
components
u8Ya
u8A
bytes/pixel
1
model
Y
components
u8Y
bytes/pixel
32
model
CMYK
components
doublecyan
doublemagenta
doubleyellow
doublekey
bytes/pixel
16
model
CMYK
components
floatcyan
floatyellow
floatmagenta
floatkey
bytes/pixel
4
model
R'aG'aB'aA
components
u8B'a
u8G'a
u8R'a
u8A
bytes/pixel
4
model
R'G'B'
components
u8B'
u8G'
u8R'
u8PAD
bytes/pixel
12
model
CIE Lab
components
floatCIE L
floatCIE a
floatCIE b
bytes/pixel
32
model
CIE Lab alpha
components
doubleCIE L
doubleCIE a
doubleCIE b
doubleA
bytes/pixel
3
model
CIE Lab
components
CIE u8 LCIE L
CIE u8 abCIE a
CIE u8 abCIE b
bytes/pixel
6
model
CIE Lab
components
CIE u16 LCIE L
CIE u16 abCIE a
CIE u16 abCIE b
bytes/pixel
24
model
CIE Lab
components
doubleCIE L
doubleCIE a
doubleCIE b
bytes/pixel
32
model
CIE Lab alpha
components
doubleCIE L
doubleCIE a
doubleCIE b
doubleA

Shortcut Coverage

The diagram shown below visualizes the coverage of current shortcut conversions. Dots indicate a direct conversion is provided for, the height of the bar indicates the number of conversions steps needed in a chain of conversions. A DHTML version is also available.


 ··  ·▁····· ▁    ▂             ▁    ▁         ·       ··── 0 RGBA double
· ▁  ▁▂▁▁▁▁▁ ·    ▁             ▂    ▂         ▁       ▁▁── 1 R'G'B'A double
·▁   ▁▂▁▁▁▁▁ ▂    ▃             ▂    ▂         ▁       ▁▁── 2 R'aG'aB'aA double
▁▂▂ ···▂▂▂▂▃ ▁ ▁ ··             ▂· ▂ ▁         ▂       ▂▂── 3 R'G'B' u8
▁▁▂· ·▁▂▃▂▂▂ · ▁  ▁             ▁▁   ▁         ▂       ▂▂── 4 R'G'B'A u8
·▁▁   ·▁▁▁▁▁ ▂    ▃             ·    ·         ▁       ▁▁── 5 RGBA float
▁▂▂  · ▂▂▂▂▂ ▃                  ▂· ▂ ▁         ▂       ▂▂── 6 RGB float
·▁▁  ▁▂ ▁▁▁▁ ▂    ▃             ▂    ▂         ▁       ▁▁── 7 Y'aA double
·▁▁  ▁▂▁ ▁▁▁ ▂ ▃  ▃             ▃▂ ▃ ▂         ▁       ▁▁── 8 Y double
·▁▁  ▁▂▁▁ ▁▁ ▂    ▃             ▂    ▂         ▁       ▁▁── 9 YA double
·▁▁  ▁▂▁▁▁ ▁ ▂ ▃  ▃             ▂▃ ▃ ▃         ▁       ▁▁──10 Y'CbCr double
·▁▁  ▁▂▁▁▁▁  ▂                  ▂    ▂         ▁       ▁▁──11 Y'CbCrA double
                                                         ──12 Y'CbCr u8
▁·▂  ▂▃▂▂▂▂▂      ·             ▃    ▃         ▂       ▂▂──13 R'G'B'A float
▂▁▃  ▃ ▃▃▃▃▃ · ▁  ▁                            ▃       ▃▃──14 R'G'B'A u16
                                                         ──15 R'aG'aB'aA float
               ·                                         ──16 R'aG'aB'aA u16
               ·                                         ──17 R'aG'aB'aA u8
▂▁▃  ▃ ▃▃▃▃▃ · ·                               ▃       ▃▃──18 R'G'B' float
▃▂           ▁ ▁  ·                                      ──19 R'G'B' u16
 ▁           · ▁  ▁  ·· ▃  ▁                             ──20 Y'A float
 ▂           ▁ ·  ▂ · ▁ ·  ·                             ──21 Y'aA float
 ▂           ▁ ▁  · ··  ▁  ▁                             ──22 Y' float
 ▂           ▁ ▂  ▂ ·▁▁ ▃  ▂                             ──23 Y'A u16
 ▃           ▂ ▁  ▃ ▁·▂    ▁                             ──24 Y'aA u16
 ▃           ▂ ▂  ▁ ▁▁· ▂  ▂                             ──25 Y' u16
▁▂▃  ▁▂▂▃▃▂▃ ▁ ▂  ▂ ·▂▁ ▃  ▂    ▂▂   ▁·▁▁      ▃       ▂▂──26 Y'A u8
 ▃           ▂ ▁  ▃ ▁·▂ ·                                ──27 Y'aA u8
▁▃▂  ·▁▂▂▂▂▂ ▂ ▂  ▁ ▁▁· ▂  ▂    ▂▁ ▂ ▁▁▁·      ▂       ▂▂──28 Y' u8
▃▂           ▁ ▁  ·                                      ──29 Y'CbCr float
▂▁▃  ▃ ▃▃▃▃  ·    ▁                            ▃       ▃▃──30 Y'CbCrA float
▁▂▂  ·▁▂▂▂▂▂ ▃                  ▁▁   ▂         ▂       ▂▂──31 RGBA u16
▁▂▂  ·▁▃▂▂▂▂ ▃                   ▁   ·         ▂       ▃▂──32 RGBA u8
                                                         ──33 RaGaBaA float
                                 ·                       ──34 RaGaBaA u16
                                 ·                       ──35 RaGaBaA u8
▂▃▃  ▁·▃▃▃▃▃                    ▃▁ ▃ ▂         ▃       ▃▃──36 RGB u16
▁▃▃  ··▂▂▃▂▂ ▃                  ·▁ ·           ▂       ▃▂──37 RGB u8
▁▂▂  ·▁▂▂▂▂▂ ▃                  ▁▁   ▁ ··      ▂        ▂──38 YA float
  ▃                             ▂·   ▂         ▃       ▃▃──39 YaA float
▂▃▃  ▁·▃ ▃▃▃                    ▃▁ ▃ ▂··       ▃       ▃▃──40 Y float
▂▃▃  ▁▂▃▃▃▃▃                    ▂▂   ▂·▁▁      ▃       ▃▃──41 YA u16
                                 ▁     ·                 ──42 YaA u16
▃    ▂▃                         ▃▂   ▃▁▁·                ──43 Y u16
▁▂▃  ·▁▂▂▃▃▂ ▃                  ▂▂   ▁·▁▁      ▂       ▂▂──44 YA u8
▃    ▂▃                          ▁    ▁·▂                ──45 YaA u8
▁▂▂  ·▁▂▂▂▂▂ ▃                  ▂▂ ▂ ▁▁▁·      ▂       ▂▂──46 Y u8
·▁▁  ▁▂▁▁▁▁▁ ▂ ▃  ▃             ▃▂ ▃ ▂                 ▁▁──47 CMYK double
                                                         ──48 CMYK float
                                                         ──49 B'aG'aR'aA u8
                                                         ──50 B'aG'aR'aPAD u8
                                                         ──51 CIE Lab float
                                                         ──52 CIE Lab alpha float
                                                         ──53 CIE Lab u8
                                                         ──54 CIE Lab u16
·▁▁  ▁▂▁▁▁▁▁ ▂ ▃  ▃             ▃▂ ▃ ▂         ▁        ▁──55 CIE Lab double
·▁▁  ▁▂▁▁▁▁▁ ▂    ▃             ▂    ▃         ▁       ▁ ──56 CIE Lab alpha double
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
||||||||||11111111112222222222333333333344444444445555555
012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456
total length: 1640
total cost  : 866495

Environment

If the environment variable BABL_STATS is set containting a html pixel format conversion usage matrix will be written to /tmp/babl-stats.html. This allows figuring out which conversions is taking up time during processing, and what shortcuts extensions might be created or improved to make babl do it's job faster.

Through the environment variable BABL_TOLERANCE you can control a speed/performance trade off that by default is set very low (0.000001) values in the range 0.01-0.1 can provide reasonable preview performance by allowing lower numerical accuracy

.

Extending

For samples of how the current internal API specification of data types, color models, and conversions look in the extensions/ directory. The tables in this HTML file is directly generated based on the data registered by BablCore (double and RGBA), BablBase (core datatypes, and RGB models), extensions (CIE Lab, naive CMYK, various shortcut conversions).

Directory Overview

babl-dist-root
 │
 ├──babl       the babl core
 │   └──base   reference implementations for RGB and Grayscale Color Models,
 │             8bit 16bit, and 32bit and 64bit floating point.
 ├──extensions CIE-Lab color model as well as a naive-CMYK color model.
 │             also contains a random cribbage of old conversion optimized
 │             code from gggl. Finding more exsisting conversions in third
 │             part libraries (hermes, lcms?, liboil?) could improve the
 │             speed of babl.
 ├──tests      tests used to keep babl sane during development.
 └──docs       Documentation/webpage for babl (the document you are reading
               originated there.

TODO

Copyright

Babl is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

Authors

Øyvind Kolås pippin at gimp.org
Original author.
Sven Neumann sven at gimp.org
Build sanity and optimizations.
Michael Natterer mitch at gimp.org
Build sanity.
Kevin Cozens
Build sanity.
Tim Mooney
Portability fixes.
Michael Schumacher schumaml at cvs.gnome.org
win32 support for dynamic extensions.
Portability fixes.
Jan Heller jheller at svn.gnome.org
Optimizations, refactoring and documentation.
Mukund Sivaraman muks at mukund.org
Sparse fixes and sanity.
dmacks at netspace.org
Build sanity
/babl-0.0.22