Residuals indicating which observations are misclassified.
Notes
The residuals for the multinomial model are defined as
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where
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is the index of the category for the
endogenous variable and
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is the index of the
predicted probabilities for each category. That is, the residual
is a binary indicator that is 0 if the category with the highest
predicted probability is the same as that of the observed variable
and 1 otherwise.