There are three “obvious” ways to map toric varieties to toric varieties:
Both 2 and 3 are special cases of 1, which is just to say that we always remain within the realm of algebraic geometry. But apart from that, none is included in one of the other cases. In the examples below, we will explore some algebraic maps that can or can not be written as a toric morphism. Often a toric morphism can be written with polynomial maps in homogeneous coordinates, but sometimes it cannot.
The toric morphisms are perhaps the most mysterious at the
beginning. Let us quickly review their definition (See Definition
3.3.3 of [CLS]). Let be a fan in
and
be a
fan in
. A morphism
of the associated toric varieties is toric if
maps the maximal
torus
into
and
is a group homomorphism.
The data defining a toric morphism is precisely what defines a fan morphism (see fan_morphism), extending the more familiar dictionary between toric varieties and fans. Toric geometry is a functor from the category of fans and fan morphisms to the category of toric varieties and toric morphisms.
Note
Do not create the toric morphisms (or any morphism of schemes) directly from the the SchemeMorphism... classes. Instead, use the hom() method common to all algebraic schemes to create new homomorphisms.
EXAMPLES:
First, consider the following embedding of into
sage: P2.<x,y,z> = toric_varieties.P2()
sage: P1.<u,v> = toric_varieties.P1()
sage: P1.hom([0,u^2+v^2,u*v], P2)
Scheme morphism:
From: 1-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 2 affine patches
To: 2-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 3 affine patches
Defn: Defined on coordinates by sending [u : v] to
[0 : u^2 + v^2 : u*v]
This is a well-defined morphism of algebraic varieties because
homogeneously rescaled coordinates of a point of map to the same
point in
up to its homogeneous rescalings. It is not
equivariant with respect to the torus actions
hence it is not a toric morphism. Clearly, the problem is that the map in homogeneous coordinates contains summands that transform differently under the torus action. However, this is not the only difficulty. For example, consider
sage: phi = P1.hom([0,u,v], P2); phi
Scheme morphism:
From: 1-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 2 affine patches
To: 2-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 3 affine patches
Defn: Defined on coordinates by sending [u : v] to
[0 : u : v]
This map is actually the embedding of the
orbit_closure()
associated to one of the rays of the fan of . Now the
morphism is equivariant with respect to some map
of the maximal tori of
and
. But this map of the maximal tori cannot be the same as
phi defined above. Indeed, the image of phi completely misses
the maximal torus
of
.
Consider instead the following morphism of fans:
sage: fm = FanMorphism( matrix(ZZ,[[1,0]]), P1.fan(), P2.fan() ); fm
Fan morphism defined by the matrix
[1 0]
Domain fan: Rational polyhedral fan in 1-d lattice N
Codomain fan: Rational polyhedral fan in 2-d lattice N
which also defines a morphism of toric varieties:
sage: P1.hom(fm, P2)
Scheme morphism:
From: 1-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 2 affine patches
To: 2-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 3 affine patches
Defn: Defined by sending Rational polyhedral fan in 1-d lattice N
to Rational polyhedral fan in 2-d lattice N.
The fan morphism map is equivalent to the following polynomial map:
sage: _.as_polynomial_map()
Scheme morphism:
From: 1-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 2 affine patches
To: 2-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 3 affine patches
Defn: Defined on coordinates by sending [u : v] to
[u : v : v]
Finally, here is an example of a fan morphism that cannot be written
using homogeneous polynomials. Consider the blowup . In terms of toric data, this blowup is:
sage: A2_Z2 = toric_varieties.A2_Z2()
sage: A2_Z2.fan().rays()
N(1, 0),
N(1, 2)
in 2-d lattice N
sage: O2_P1 = A2_Z2.resolve(new_rays=[(1,1)])
sage: blowup = O2_P1.hom(identity_matrix(2), A2_Z2)
sage: blowup.as_polynomial_map()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: The fan morphism cannot be written in homogeneous polynomials.
If we denote the homogeneous coordinates of by
,
,
corresponding to the rays
,
, and
then the blow-up map is [BB]:
which requires square roots.
REFERENCES:
[BB] | Gavin Brown, Jaroslaw Buczynski: Maps of toric varieties in Cox coordinates, http://arxiv.org/abs/1004.4924 |
Bases: sage.schemes.generic.morphism.SchemeMorphism
Construct a morphism determined by a fan morphism
Warning
You should not create objects of this class directly. Use the hom() method of toric varieties instead.
INPUT:
OUPUT:
A SchemeMorphism_fan_toric_variety.
EXAMPLES:
sage: P2 = toric_varieties.P2()
sage: dP8 = toric_varieties.dP8()
sage: f = dP8.hom(identity_matrix(2), P2); f
Scheme morphism:
From: 2-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 4 affine patches
To: 2-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 3 affine patches
Defn: Defined by sending Rational polyhedral fan in 2-d lattice N
to Rational polyhedral fan in 2-d lattice N.
sage: type(f)
<class 'sage.schemes.toric.morphism.SchemeMorphism_fan_toric_variety'>
Slightly more explicit construction:
sage: P1xP1 = toric_varieties.P1xP1()
sage: P1 = toric_varieties.P1()
sage: hom_set = P1xP1.Hom(P1)
sage: fm = FanMorphism( matrix(ZZ,[[1],[0]]), P1xP1.fan(), P1.fan() )
sage: hom_set(fm)
Scheme morphism:
From: 2-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 4 affine patches
To: 1-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 2 affine patches
Defn: Defined by sending Rational polyhedral fan in 2-d lattice N
to Rational polyhedral fan in 1-d lattice N.
sage: P1xP1.hom(fm, P1)
Scheme morphism:
From: 2-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 4 affine patches
To: 1-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 2 affine patches
Defn: Defined by sending Rational polyhedral fan in 2-d lattice N
to Rational polyhedral fan in 1-d lattice N.
Express the morphism via homogeneous polynomials.
OUTPUT:
A SchemeMorphism_polynomial_toric_variety. Raises a TypeError if the morphism cannot be written in terms of homogeneous polynomials.
EXAMPLES:
sage: A1 = toric_varieties.A1()
sage: square = A1.hom(matrix([[2]]), A1)
sage: square.as_polynomial_map()
Scheme endomorphism of 1-d affine toric variety
Defn: Defined on coordinates by sending [z] to
[z^2]
sage: P1 = toric_varieties.P1()
sage: patch = A1.hom(matrix([[1]]), P1)
sage: patch.as_polynomial_map()
Scheme morphism:
From: 1-d affine toric variety
To: 1-d CPR-Fano toric variety covered by 2 affine patches
Defn: Defined on coordinates by sending [z] to
[z : 1]
Return the defining fan morphism.
OUTPUT:
A FanMorphism.
EXAMPLES:
sage: P1xP1 = toric_varieties.P1xP1()
sage: P1 = toric_varieties.P1()
sage: f = P1xP1.hom(matrix([[1],[0]]), P1)
sage: f.fan_morphism()
Fan morphism defined by the matrix
[1]
[0]
Domain fan: Rational polyhedral fan in 2-d lattice N
Codomain fan: Rational polyhedral fan in 1-d lattice N
Bases: sage.schemes.generic.morphism.SchemeMorphism_point
A point of a toric variety determined by homogeneous coordinates in a field.
Warning
You should not create objects of this class directly. Use the hom() method of toric varieties instead.
INPUT:
OUTPUT:
A SchemeMorphism_point_toric_field.
TESTS:
sage: fan = FaceFan(lattice_polytope.octahedron(2))
sage: P1xP1 = ToricVariety(fan)
sage: P1xP1(1,2,3,4)
[1 : 2 : 3 : 4]
Bases: sage.schemes.generic.morphism.SchemeMorphism_polynomial
A morphism determined by homogeneous polynomials.
Warning
You should not create objects of this class directly. Use the hom() method of toric varieties instead.
INPUT:
Same as for SchemeMorphism_polynomial.
OUPUT:
A SchemeMorphism_polynomial_toric_variety.
TESTS:
sage: fan = FaceFan(lattice_polytope.octahedron(2))
sage: P1xP1 = ToricVariety(fan)
sage: P1xP1.inject_variables()
Defining z0, z1, z2, z3
sage: P1 = P1xP1.subscheme(z0-z2)
sage: H = P1xP1.Hom(P1)
sage: import sage.schemes.toric.morphism as MOR
sage: MOR.SchemeMorphism_polynomial_toric_variety(H, [z0,z1,z0,z3])
Scheme morphism:
From: 2-d toric variety covered by 4 affine patches
To: Closed subscheme of 2-d toric variety
covered by 4 affine patches defined by:
z0 - z2
Defn: Defined on coordinates by sending
[z0 : z1 : z2 : z3] to [z0 : z1 : z0 : z3]
Express the morphism as a map defined by a fan morphism.
OUTPUT:
A SchemeMorphism_polynomial_toric_variety. Raises a TypeError if the morphism cannot be written in such a way.
EXAMPLES:
sage: A1.<z> = toric_varieties.A1()
sage: P1 = toric_varieties.P1()
sage: patch = A1.hom([1,z], P1)
sage: patch.as_fan_morphism()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
NotImplementedError: expressing toric morphisms as fan morphisms is
not implemented yet!