Table of Contents
-
Orchestra Opcodes and Operators
-
- != -
Determines if one value is not equal to another.
- #define -
Defines a macro.
- #include -
Includes an external file for processing.
- #undef -
Un-defines a macro.
- #ifdef -
Conditional reading of code.
- #ifndef -
Conditional reading of code.
- $NAME -
Calls a defined macro.
- % -
Modulus operator.
- && -
Logical AND operator.
- > -
Determines if one value is greater than another.
- >= -
Determines if one value is greater than or equal to another.
- < -
Determines if one value is less than another.
- <= -
Determines if one value is less than or equal to another.
- * -
Multiplication operator.
- + -
Addition operator
- - -
Subtraction operator.
- / -
Division operator.
- = -
Performs a simple assignment.
- == -
Compares two values for equality.
- ^ -
Power of operator.
- round -
Returns the integer value nearest to x
; if the fractional part of x is exactly 0.5, the direction of rounding
is undefined.
- || -
Logical OR operator.
- 0dbfs -
Sets the value of 0 decibels using full scale amplitude.
- & -
Bitwise AND operator.
- | -
Bitwise OR operator.
- ¬ -
Bitwise NOT operator.
- # -
Bitwise NON EQUIVALENCE operator.
- a -
Converts a k-rate parameter to an a-rate value with interpolation.
- abetarand -
Deprecated.
- abexprnd -
Deprecated.
- abs -
Returns an absolute value.
- acauchy -
Deprecated.
- active -
Returns the number of active instances of an instrument.
- adsr -
Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using linear segments.
- adsyn -
Output is an additive set of individually controlled sinusoids, using an oscillator bank.
- adsynt -
Performs additive synthesis with an arbitrary number of partials, not necessarily harmonic.
- adsynt2 -
Performs additive synthesis with an arbitrary number of partials -not necessarily harmonic- with interpolation.
- aexprand -
Deprecated.
- aftouch -
Get the current after-touch value for this channel.
- agauss -
Deprecated.
- agogobel -
Deprecated.
- alinrand -
Deprecated.
- alpass -
Reverberates an input signal with a flat frequency response.
- ampdb -
Returns the amplitude equivalent of the decibel value x.
- ampdbfs -
Returns the amplitude equivalent of the decibel value x, which is relative to full scale amplitude.
- ampmidi -
Get the velocity of the current MIDI event.
- apcauchy -
Deprecated.
- apoisson -
Deprecated.
- apow -
Deprecated.
- areson -
A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the reson opcode.
- aresonk -
A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the reson opcode.
- atone -
A hi-pass filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tone opcode.
- atonek -
A hi-pass filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tonek opcode.
- atonex -
Emulates a stack of filters using the atone opcode.
- atrirand -
Deprecated.
- ATSadd - uses the data from an ATS analysis file to perform additive synthesis.
- ATSaddnz - uses the data from an ATS analysis file to perform noise resynthesis.
- ATSbufread - reads data from and ATS data file and stores it in an internal data table of frequency, amplitude pairs.
- ATScross - perform cross synthesis from ATS analysis files.
- ATSinfo - reads data out of the header of an ATS file.
- ATSinterpread - allows a user to determine the frequency envelope of any ATSbufread.
- ATSread - reads data from an ATS file.
- ATSreadnz - reads data from an ATS file.
- ATSpartialtap - returns a frequency, amplitude pair from an ATSbufread opcode.
- ATSsinnoi - uses the data from an ATS analysis file to perform resynthesis.
- aunirand -
Deprecated.
- aweibull -
Deprecated.
- babo -
A physical model reverberator.
- balance -
Adjust one audio signal according to the values of another.
- bamboo -
Semi-physical model of a bamboo sound.
- barmodel -
Creates a tone similar to a stuck metal bar.
- bbcutm -
Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a mono audio stream.
- bbcuts -
Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a stereo audio stream.
- betarand -
Beta distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- bexprnd -
Exponential distribution random number generator.
- bformenc -
Codes a signal into the ambisonic B format
- bformdec -
Decodes an ambisonic B format signal
- binit -
PVS tracks to amplitude+frequency conversion.
- biquad -
A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter.
- biquada -
A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter with a-rate parameters.
- birnd -
Returns a random number in a bi-polar range.
- bqrez -
A second-order multi-mode filter.
- butbp -
Same as the butterbp opcode.
- butbr -
Same as the butterbr opcode.
- buthp -
Same as the butterhp opcode.
- butlp -
Same as the butterlp opcode.
- butterbp -
A band-pass Butterworth filter.
- butterbr -
A band-reject Butterworth filter.
- butterhp -
A high-pass Butterworth filter.
- butterlp -
A low-pass Butterworth filter.
- button -
Sense on-screen controls.
- buzz -
Output is a set of harmonically related sine partials.
- cabasa -
Semi-physical model of a cabasa sound.
- cauchy -
Cauchy distribution random number generator.
- ceil -
Returns the smallest integer not less than x
- cent -
Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of cents.
- cggoto -
Conditionally transfer control on every pass.
- chanctrl -
Get the current value of a MIDI channel controller.
- changed -
k-rate signal change detector.
- chani -
Reads data from the software bus
- chano -
Send data to the outwards software bus
- checkbox -
Sense on-screen controls.
- chn -
Declare a channel of the named software bus.
- chnclear -
Clears an audio output channel of the named software bus.
- chnexport -
Export a global variable as a channel of the bus.
- chnget -
Reads data from the software bus.
- chnmix -
Writes audio data to the named software bus, mixing to the previous
output.
- chnparams -
Query parameters of a channel.
- chnset -
Writes data to the named software bus.
- cigoto -
Conditionally transfer control during the i-time pass.
- ckgoto -
Conditionally transfer control during the p-time passes.
- clear -
Zeroes a list of audio signals.
- clfilt -
Implements low-pass and high-pass filters of different styles.
- clip -
Clips a signal to a predefined limit.
- clock -
Deprecated.
- clockoff -
Stops one of a number of internal clocks.
- clockon -
Starts one of a number of internal clocks.
- cngoto -
Transfers control on every pass when a condition is not true.
- comb -
Reverberates an input signal with a colored frequency response.
- compress -
Compress, limit, expand, duck or gate an audio signal.
- control -
Configurable slider controls for realtime user input.
- convle -
Same as the convolve opcode.
- convolve -
Convolves a signal and an impulse response.
- cos -
Performs a cosine function.
- cosh -
Performs a hyperbolic cosine function.
- cosinv -
Performs a arccosine function.
- cps2pch -
Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second for equal divisions of the octave.
- cpsmidi -
Get the note number of the current MIDI event, expressed in cycles-per-second.
- cpsmidib -
Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in cycles-per-second.
- cpsoct -
Converts an octave-point-decimal value to cycles-per-second.
- cpspch -
Converts a pitch-class value to cycles-per-second.
- cpstmid -
Get a MIDI note number (allows customized micro-tuning scales).
- cpstun -
Returns micro-tuning values at k-rate.
- cpstuni -
Returns micro-tuning values at init-rate.
- cpsxpch -
Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second (Hz) for equal divisions of any interval.
- cpuprc -
Control allocation of cpu resources on a per-instrument basis, to optimize realtime output.
- cross2 -
Cross synthesis using FFT's.
- crunch -
Semi-physical model of a crunch sound.
- ctrl14 -
Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
- ctrl21 -
Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
- ctrl7 -
Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
- ctrlinit -
Sets the initial values for a set of MIDI controllers.
- cuserrnd -
Continuous USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.
- dam -
A dynamic compressor/expander.
- db -
Returns the amplitude equivalent for a given decibel amount.
- dbamp -
Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x.
- dbfsamp -
Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x, relative to full scale amplitude.
- dcblock -
A DC blocking filter.
- dconv -
A direct convolution opcode.
- delay -
Delays an input signal by some time interval.
- delay1 -
Delays an input signal by one sample.
- delayk -
Delays an input signal by some time interval.
- delayr -
Reads from an automatically established digital delay line.
- delayw -
Writes the audio signal to a digital delay line.
- deltap -
Taps a delay line at variable offset times.
- deltap3 -
Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses cubic interpolation.
- deltapi -
Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses interpolation.
- deltapn -
Taps a delay line at variable offset times.
- deltapx -
Read to or write from a delay line with interpolation.
- deltapxw -
Mixes the input signal to a delay line.
- denorm -
Mixes low level noise to a list of a-rate signals
- diff -
Modify a signal by differentiation.
- diskin -
Reads audio data from an external device or stream and can alter its pitch.
- diskin2 -
Reads audio data from a file, and can alter its pitch using one of several
available interpolation types, as well as convert the sample rate to match
the orchestra sr setting.
- dispfft -
Displays the Fourier Transform of an audio or control signal.
- display -
Displays the audio or control signals as an amplitude vs. time graph.
- distort -
Distort an audio signal via waveshaping and optional clipping.
- distort1 -
Modified hyperbolic tangent distortion.
- divz -
Safely divides two numbers.
- downsamp -
Modify a signal by down-sampling.
- dripwater -
Semi-physical model of a water drop.
- dssiactivate - Activates or deactivates a DSSI or LADSPA plugin.
- dssiaudio - Processes audio using a LADSPA or DSSI plugin.
- dssictls - Send control information to a LADSPA or DSSI plugin.
- dssiinit - Loads a DSSI or LADSPA plugin.
- dssilist - Lists all available DSSI and LADSPA plugins.
- dumpk -
Periodically writes an orchestra control-signal value to an external file.
- dumpk2 -
Periodically writes two orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
- dumpk3 -
Periodically writes three orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
- dumpk4 -
Periodically writes four orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
- duserrnd -
Discrete USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.
- else -
Executes a block of code when an "if...then" condition is false.
- elseif -
Defines another "if...then" condition when a "if...then" condition is false.
- endif -
Closes a block of code that begins with an "if...then" statement.
- endin -
Ends the current instrument block.
- endop -
Marks the end of an user-defined opcode block.
- envlpx -
Applies an envelope consisting of 3 segments.
- envlpxr -
The envlpx opcode with a final release segment.
- event -
Generates a score event from an instrument.
- event_i -
Generates a score event from an instrument.
- exitnow -
Exit csound as fast as possible, with no cleaning up.
- exp -
Returns e raised to the x-th power.
- expon -
Trace an exponential curve between specified points.
- exprand -
Exponential distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- expseg -
Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points.
- expsega -
An exponential segment generator operating at a-rate.
- expsegr -
Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points including a release segment.
- ficlose -
Closes a previously opened file.
- filelen -
Returns the length of a sound file.
- filenchnls -
Returns the number of channels in a sound file.
- filepeak -
Returns the peak absolute value of a sound file.
- filesr -
Returns the sample rate of a sound file.
- filter2 -
Performs filtering using a transposed form-II digital filter lattice with no time-varying control.
- fin -
Read signals from a file at a-rate.
- fini -
Read signals from a file at i-rate.
- fink -
Read signals from a file at k-rate.
- fiopen -
Opens a file in a specific mode.
- flanger -
A user controlled flanger.
- flashtxt -
Allows text to be displayed from instruments like sliders
- FLbox -
A FLTK widget that displays text inside of a box.
- FLbutBank -
A FLTK widget opcode that creates a bank of buttons.
- FLbutton -
A FLTK widget opcode that creates a button.
- FLcolor -
A FLTK opcode that sets the primary colors.
- FLcolor2 -
A FLTK opcode that sets the secondary (selection) color.
- FLcount -
A FLTK widget opcode that creates a counter.
- FLgetsnap -
Retrieves a previously stored FLTK snapshot.
- FLgroup -
A FLTK container opcode that groups child widgets.
- FLgroupEnd -
Marks the end of a group of FLTK child widgets.
- FLgroupEnd -
Marks the end of a group of FLTK child widgets.
- FLhide -
Hides the target FLTK widget.
- FLjoy -
A FLTK opcode that acts like a joystick.
- FLkeyb -
Experimental, no documentation exists. May be deprecated in future versions.
- FLknob -
A FLTK widget opcode that creates a knob.
- FLlabel -
A FLTK opcode that modifies the appearance of a text label.
- FLloadsnap -
Loads all snapshots into the memory bank of the current orchestra.
- flooper -
Function-table-based crossfading looper.
- flooper2 -
Function-table-based crossfading looper.
- floor -
Returns the largest integer not greater than x
- FLpack -
Provides the functionality of compressing and aligning FLTK widgets.
- FLpackEnd -
Marks the end of a group of compressed or aligned FLTK widgets.
- FLpack_end -
Marks the end of a group of compressed or aligned FLTK widgets.
- FLpanel -
Creates a window that contains FLTK widgets.
- FLpanelEnd -
Marks the end of a group of FLTK widgets contained inside of a window (panel).
- FLpanel_end -
Marks the end of a group of FLTK widgets contained inside of a window (panel).
- FLprintk -
A FLTK opcode that prints a k-rate value at specified intervals.
- FLprintk2 -
A FLTK opcode that prints a new value every time a control-rate variable changes.
- FLroller -
A FLTK widget that creates a transversal knob.
- FLrun -
Starts the FLTK widget thread.
- FLsavesnap -
Saves all snapshots currently created into a file.
- FLscroll -
A FLTK opcode that adds scroll bars to an area.
- FLscrollEnd -
A FLTK opcode that marks the end of an area with scrollbars.
- FLscroll_end -
A FLTK opcode that marks the end of an area with scrollbars.
- FLsetAlign -
Sets the text alignment of a label of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetBox -
Sets the appearance of a box surrounding a FLTK widget.
- FLsetColor -
Sets the primary color of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetColor2 -
Sets the secondary (or selection) color of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetFont -
Sets the font type of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetPosition -
Sets the position of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetSize -
Resizes a FLTK widget.
- FLsetsnap -
Stores the current status of all FLTK valuators into a snapshot location.
- FLsetText -
Sets the label of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetTextColor -
Sets the color of the text label of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetTextSize -
Sets the size of the text label of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetTextType -
Sets some font attributes of the text label of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetVal_i -
Sets the value of a FLTK valuator to a number provided by the user.
- FLsetVal -
Sets the value of a FLTK valuator at control-rate.
- FLshow -
Restores the visibility of a previously hidden FLTK widget.
- FLslidBnk -
A FLTK widget containing a bank of horizontal sliders.
- FLslider -
Puts a slider into the corresponding FLTK container.
- FLtabs -
Creates a tabbed FLTK interface.
- FLtabsEnd -
Marks the end of a tabbed FLTK interface.
- FLtabs_end -
Marks the end of a tabbed FLTK interface.
- FLtext -
A FLTK widget opcode that creates a textbox.
- FLupdate -
Same as the FLrun opcode.
- fluidAllOut -
Collects all audio from all Fluidsynth engines in a performance
- fluidCCi -
Sends a MIDI controller data message to fluid.
- fluidCCk -
Sends a MIDI controller data message to fluid.
- fluidControl -
Sends MIDI note on, note off, and other messages to a SoundFont preset.
- fluidEngine -
Instantiates a fluidsynth engine.
- fluidLoad -
Loads a SoundFont into a fluidEngine, optionally listing SoundFont contents.
- fluidNote -
Plays a note on a channel in a fluidSynth engine.
- fluidOut -
Outputs sound from a given fluidEngine
- fluidProgramSelect -
Assigns a preset from a SoundFont to a channel on a fluidEngine.
- FLvalue -
Shows the current value of a FLTK valuator.
- fmb3 -
Uses FM synthesis to create a Hammond B3 organ sound.
- fmbell -
Uses FM synthesis to create a tublar bell sound.
- fmmetal -
Uses FM synthesis to create a Heavy Metal sound.
- fmpercfl -
Uses FM synthesis to create a percussive flute sound.
- fmrhode -
Uses FM synthesis to create a Fender Rhodes electric piano sound.
- fmvoice -
FM Singing Voice Synthesis
- fmwurlie -
Uses FM synthesis to create a Wurlitzer electric piano sound.
- fof -
Produces sinusoid bursts useful for formant and granular synthesis.
- fof2 -
Produces sinusoid bursts including k-rate incremental indexing with each successive burst.
- fofilter -
Formant filter.
- fog -
Audio output is a succession of grains derived from data in a stored function table
- fold -
Adds artificial foldover to an audio signal.
- follow -
Envelope follower unit generator.
- follow2 -
Another controllable envelope extractor.
- foscil -
A basic frequency modulated oscillator.
- foscili -
Basic frequency modulated oscillator with linear interpolation.
- fout -
Outputs a-rate signals to an arbitrary number of channels.
- fouti -
Outputs i-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.
- foutir -
Outputs i-rate signals from an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.
- foutk -
Outputs k-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file, in raw (headerless) format.
- fprintks -
Similar to printks but prints to a file.
- fprints -
Similar to prints but prints to a file.
- frac -
Returns the fractional part of a decimal number.
- freeverb -
Opcode version of Jezar's Freeverb
- ftchnls -
Returns the number of channels in a stored function table.
- ftconv -
Low latency multichannel convolution, using a function table as impulse
response source.
- ftfree -
Deletes function table.
- ftgen -
Generate a score function table from within the orchestra.
- ftgentmp -
Generate a score function table from within the orchestra,
which is deleted at the end of the note.
- ftlen -
Returns the size of a stored function table.
- ftload -
Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file.
- ftloadk -
Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file.
- ftlptim -
Returns the loop segment start-time of a stored function table number.
- ftmorf -
Morphs between multiple ftables as specified in a list.
- ftsave -
Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file.
- ftsavek -
Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file.
- ftsr -
Returns the sampling-rate of a stored function table.
- gain -
Adjusts the amplitude audio signal according to a root-mean-square value.
- gauss -
Gaussian distribution random number generator.
- gbuzz -
Output is a set of harmonically related cosine partials.
- getcfg -
Return Csound settings.
- gogobel -
Audio output is a tone related to the striking of a cow bell or similar.
- goto -
Transfer control on every pass.
- grain -
Generates granular synthesis textures.
- grain2 -
Easy-to-use granular synthesis texture generator.
- grain3 -
Generate granular synthesis textures with more user control.
- granule -
A more complex granular synthesis texture generator.
- guiro -
Semi-physical model of a guiro sound.
- harmon -
Analyze an audio input and generate harmonizing voices in synchrony.
- hilbert -
A Hilbert transformer.
- hrtfer -
Creates 3D audio for two speakers.
- hsboscil -
An oscillator which takes tonality and brightness as arguments.
- i -
Returns an init-type equivalent of a k-rate argument.
- ibetarand -
Deprecated.
- ibexprnd -
Deprecated.
- icauchy -
Deprecated.
- ictrl14 -
Deprecated.
- ictrl21 -
Deprecated.
- ictrl7 -
Deprecated.
- iexprand -
Deprecated.
- if -
Branches conditionally at initialization or during performance time.
- igauss -
Deprecated.
- igoto -
Transfer control during the i-time pass.
- ihold -
Creates a held note.
- ilinrand -
Deprecated.
- imidic14 -
Deprecated.
- imidic21 -
Deprecated.
- imidic7 -
Deprecated.
- in -
Reads mono audio data from an external device or stream.
- in32 -
Reads a 32-channel audio signal from an external device or stream.
- inch -
Reads from a numbered channel in an external audio signal or stream.
- inh -
Reads six-channel audio data from an external device or stream.
- init -
Puts the value of the i-time expression into a k- or a-rate variable.
- initc14 -
Initializes the controllers used to create a 14-bit MIDI value.
- initc21 -
Initializes the controllers used to create a 21-bit MIDI value.
- initc7 -
Initializes the controller used to create a 7-bit MIDI value.
- ino -
Reads eight-channel audio data from an external device or stream.
- inq -
Reads quad audio data from an external device or stream.
- ins -
Reads stereo audio data from an external device or stream.
- instimek -
Deprecated.
- instimes -
Deprecated.
- instr -
Starts an instrument block.
- int -
Extracts an integer from a decimal number.
- integ -
Modify a signal by integration.
- interp -
Converts a control signal to an audio signal using linear interpolation.
- invalue -
Reads a k-rate signal from a user-defined channel.
- inx -
Reads a 16-channel audio signal from an external device or stream.
- inz -
Reads multi-channel audio samples into a ZAK array from an external device or stream.
- ioff -
Deprecated.
- ion -
Deprecated.
- iondur -
Deprecated.
- iondur2 -
Deprecated.
- ioutat -
Deprecated.
- ioutc -
Deprecated.
- ioutc14 -
Deprecated.
- ioutpat -
Deprecated.
- ioutpb -
Deprecated.
- ioutpc -
Deprecated.
- ipcauchy -
Deprecated.
- ipoisson -
Deprecated.
- ipow -
Deprecated.
- is16b14 -
Deprecated.
- is32b14 -
Deprecated.
- islider16 -
Deprecated.
- islider32 -
Deprecated.
- islider64 -
Deprecated.
- islider8 -
Deprecated.
- itablecopy -
Deprecated.
- itablegpw -
Deprecated.
- itablemix -
Deprecated.
- itablew -
Deprecated.
- itrirand -
Deprecated.
- iunirand -
Deprecated.
- iweibull -
Deprecated.
- jitter -
Generates a segmented line whose segments are randomly generated.
- jitter2 -
Generates a segmented line with user-controllable random segments.
- jspline -
A jitter-spline generator.
- k -
Converts a i-rate parameter to an k-rate value.
- kbetarand -
Deprecated.
- kbexprnd -
Deprecated.
- kcauchy -
Deprecated.
- kdump -
Deprecated.
- kdump2 -
Deprecated.
- kdump3 -
Deprecated.
- kdump4 -
Deprecated.
- kexprand -
Deprecated.
- kfilter2 -
Deprecated.
- kgauss -
Deprecated.
- kgoto -
Transfer control during the p-time passes.
- klinrand -
Deprecated.
- kon -
Deprecated.
- koutat -
Deprecated.
- koutc -
Deprecated.
- koutc14 -
Deprecated.
- koutpat -
Deprecated.
- koutpb -
Deprecated.
- koutpc -
Deprecated.
- kpcauchy -
Deprecated.
- kpoisson -
Deprecated.
- kpow -
Deprecated.
- kr -
Sets the control rate.
- kread -
Deprecated.
- kread2 -
Deprecated.
- kread3 -
Deprecated.
- kread4 -
Deprecated.
- ksmps -
Sets the number of samples in a control period.
- ktableseg -
Same as the tableseg opcode.
- ktrirand -
Deprecated.
- kunirand -
Deprecated.
- kweibull -
Deprecated.
- lfo -
A low frequency oscillator of various shapes.
- limit -
Sets the lower and upper limits of the value it processes.
- line -
Trace a straight line between specified points.
- linen -
Applies a straight line rise and decay pattern to an input amp signal.
- linenr -
The linen opcode extended with a final release segment.
- lineto -
Generate glissandos starting from a control signal.
- linrand -
Linear distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- linseg -
Trace a series of line segments between specified points.
- linsegr -
Trace a series of line segments between specified points including a release segment.
- locsend -
Distributes the audio signals of a previous locsig opcode.
- locsig -
Takes and input signal and distributes between 2 or 4 channels.
- log -
Returns a natural log.
- log10 -
Returns a base 10 log.
- logbtwo -
Performs a logarithmic base two calculation.
- loop_ge -
Looping constructions.
- loop_gt -
Looping constructions.
- loop_le -
Looping constructions.
- loop -
Looping constructions.
- loopseg -
Generate control signal consisting of linear segments delimited by two or more specified points.
- loopsegp -
Control signals based on linear segments.
- lorenz -
Implements the Lorenz system of equations.
- lorisread - Imports a set of bandwidth-enhanced partials from a SDIF-format
data file, applying control-rate frequency, amplitude, and
bandwidth scaling envelopes, and stores the modified partials in
memory.
- lorismorph - Morphs two stored sets of bandwidth-enhanced partials
and stores a new set of partials representing the morphed
sound. The morph is performed by linearly interpolating the
parameter envelopes (frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth, or
noisiness) of the bandwidth-enhanced partials according to
control-rate frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth morphing
functions.
- lorisplay - renders a stored set of bandwidth-enhanced partials using the method of Bandwidth-Enhanced Additive Synthesis implemented in the Loris software, applying control-rate frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth scaling envelopes.
- loscil -
Read sampled sound from a table.
- loscil3 -
Read sampled sound from a table using cubic interpolation.
- loscilx -
Loop oscillator.
- lowpass2 -
A resonant lowpass filter.
- lowres -
Another resonant lowpass filter.
- lowresx -
Simulates layers of serially connected resonant lowpass filters.
- lpf18 -
A 3-pole sweepable resonant lowpass filter.
- lpfreson -
Resynthesises a signal from the data passed internally by a previous lpread, applying formant shifting.
- lphasor -
Generates a table index for sample playback
- lpinterp -
Computes a new set of poles from the interpolation between two analysis.
- lposcil -
Read sampled sound from a table with optional looping and high precision.
- lposcil3 -
Read sampled sound from a table with high precision and cubic interpolation.
- lpread -
Reads a control file of time-ordered information frames.
- lpreson -
Resynthesises a signal from the data passed internally by a previous lpread.
- lpshold -
Generate control signal consisting of held segments.
- lpsholdp -
Control signals based on held segments.
- lpslot -
Selects the slot to be use by further lp opcodes.
- mac -
Multiplies and accumulates a- and k-rate signals.
- maca -
Multiply and accumulate a-rate signals only.
- madsr -
Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the linsegr mechanism.
- mandel -
Mandelbrot set
- mandol -
An emulation of a mandolin.
- marimba -
Physical model related to the striking of a wooden block.
- massign -
Assigns a MIDI channel number to a Csound instrument.
- max -
Produces a signal that is the maximum of any number of input signals.
- maxabs -
Produces a signal that is the maximum of the absolute values of any number of input signals.
- maxabsaccum -
Accumulates the maximum of the absolute values of audio signals.
- maxaccum -
Accumulates the maximum value of audio signals.
- maxalloc -
Limits the number of allocations of an instrument.
- max_k -
Local maximum (or minimum) value of an incoming asig signal
- mclock -
Sends a MIDI CLOCK message.
- mdelay -
A MIDI delay opcode.
- metro -
Trigger Metronome
- midic14 -
Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
- midic21 -
Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
- midic7 -
Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
- midichannelaftertouch -
Gets a MIDI channel's aftertouch value.
- midichn -
Returns the MIDI channel number from which the note was activated.
- midicontrolchange -
Gets a MIDI control change value.
- midictrl -
Get the current value (0-127) of a specified MIDI controller.
- mididefault -
Changes values, depending on MIDI activation.
- midiin -
Returns a generic MIDI message received by the MIDI IN port.
- midinoteoff -
Gets a MIDI noteoff value.
- midinoteoncps -
Gets a MIDI note number as a cycles-per-second frequency.
- midinoteonkey -
Gets a MIDI note number value.
- midinoteonoct -
Gets a MIDI note number value as octave-point-decimal value.
- midinoteonpch -
Gets a MIDI note number as a pitch-class value.
- midion -
Plays MIDI notes.
- midion2 -
Sends noteon and noteoff messages to the MIDI OUT port.
- midiout -
Sends a generic MIDI message to the MIDI OUT port.
- midipitchbend -
Gets a MIDI pitchbend value.
- midipolyaftertouch -
Gets a MIDI polyphonic aftertouch value.
- midiprogramchange -
Gets a MIDI program change value.
- miditempo -
Returns the current tempo at k-rate, of either the MIDI file (if available) or the score
- min -
Produces a signal that is the minimum of any number of input signals.
- minabs -
Produces a signal that is the minimum of the absolute values of any number of input signals.
- minabsaccum -
Accumulates the minimum of the absolute values of audio signals.
- minaccum -
Accumulates the minimum value of audio signals.
- mirror -
Reflects the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds.
- MixerSetLevel -
Sets the level of a send to a buss.
- MixerGetLevel -
Gets the level of a send to a buss.
- MixerSend -
Mixes an arate signal into a channel of a buss.
- MixerReceive -
Receives an arate signal from a channel of a buss.
- MixerClear -
Resets all channels of a buss to 0.
- monitor -
Returns the audio spout frame.
- moog -
An emulation of a mini-Moog synthesizer.
- moogladder -
Moog ladder lowpass filter.
- moogvcf -
A digital emulation of the Moog diode ladder filter configuration.
- moogvcf2 -
A digital emulation of the Moog diode ladder filter configuration.
- moscil -
Sends a stream of the MIDI notes.
- mpulse -
Generates a set of impulses.
- mrtmsg -
Send system real-time messages to the MIDI OUT port.
- multitap -
Multitap delay line implementation.
- mute -
Mutes/unmutes new instances of a given instrument.
- mxadsr -
Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the expsegr mechanism.
- nchnls -
Sets the number of channels of audio output.
- nestedap -
Three different nested all-pass filters.
- nlfilt -
A filter with a non-linear effect.
- noise -
A white noise generator with an IIR lowpass filter.
- noteoff -
Send a noteoff message to the MIDI OUT port.
- noteon -
Send a noteon message to the MIDI OUT port.
- noteondur -
Sends a noteon and a noteoff MIDI message both with the same channel, number and velocity.
- noteondur2 -
Sends a noteon and a noteoff MIDI message both with the same channel, number and velocity.
- notnum -
Get a note number from a MIDI event.
- nreverb -
A reverberator consisting of 6 parallel comb-lowpass filters.
- nrpn -
Sends a Non-Registered Parameter Number to the MIDI OUT port.
- nsamp -
Returns the number of samples loaded into a stored function table number.
- nstrnum -
Returns the number of a named instrument.
- ntrpol -
Calculates the weighted mean value of two input signals.
- octave -
Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of octaves.
- octcps -
Converts a cycles-per-second value to octave-point-decimal.
- octmidi -
Get the note number, in octave-point-decimal units, of the current MIDI event.
- octmidib -
Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in octave-point-decimal.
- octpch -
Converts a pitch-class value to octave-point-decimal.
- opcode -
Defines the start of user-defined opcode block.
- OSCsend -
Sends data to other processes using the OSC protocol
- OSCinit -
Start a listening process for OSC messages to a particular port.
- OSClisten -
Listen for OSC messages to a particular path.
- oscbnk -
Mixes the output of any number of oscillators.
- oscil -
A simple oscillator.
- oscil1 -
Accesses table values by incremental sampling.
- oscil1i -
Accesses table values by incremental sampling with linear interpolation.
- oscil3 -
A simple oscillator with cubic interpolation.
- oscili -
A simple oscillator with linear interpolation.
- oscilikt -
A linearly interpolated oscillator that allows changing the table number at k-rate.
- osciliktp -
A linearly interpolated oscillator that allows allows phase modulation.
- oscilikts -
A linearly interpolated oscillator with sync status that allows changing the table number at k-rate.
- osciln -
Accesses table values at a user-defined frequency.
- oscils -
A simple, fast sine oscillator
- oscilx -
Same as the osciln opcode.
- out -
Writes mono audio data to an external device or stream.
- out32 -
Writes 32-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
- outc -
Writes audio data with an arbitrary number of channels to an external device or stream.
- outch -
Writes multi-channel audio data, with user-controllable channels, to an external device or stream.
- outh -
Writes 6-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
- outiat -
Sends MIDI aftertouch messages at i-rate.
- outic -
Sends MIDI controller output at i-rate.
- outic14 -
Sends 14-bit MIDI controller output at i-rate.
- outipat -
Sends polyphonic MIDI aftertouch messages at i-rate.
- outipb -
Sends MIDI pitch-bend messages at i-rate.
- outipc -
Sends MIDI program change messages at i-rate
- outkat -
Sends MIDI aftertouch messages at k-rate.
- outkc -
Sends MIDI controller messages at k-rate.
- outkc14 -
Sends 14-bit MIDI controller output at k-rate.
- outkpat -
Sends polyphonic MIDI aftertouch messages at k-rate.
- outkpb -
Sends MIDI pitch-bend messages at k-rate.
- outkpc -
Sends MIDI program change messages at k-rate.
- outo -
Writes 8-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
- outq -
Writes 4-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
- outq1 -
Writes samples to quad channel 1 of an external device or stream.
- outq2 -
Writes samples to quad channel 2 of an external device or stream.
- outq3 -
Writes samples to quad channel 3 of an external device or stream.
- outq4 -
Writes samples to quad channel 4 of an external device or stream.
- outs -
Writes stereo audio data to an external device or stream.
- outs1 -
Writes samples to stereo channel 1 of an external device or stream.
- outs2 -
Writes samples to stereo channel 2 of an external device or stream.
- outvalue -
Sends a k-rate signal or string to a user-defined channel.
- outx -
Writes 16-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
- outz -
Writes multi-channel audio data from a ZAK array to an external device or stream.
- p -
Show the value in a given p-field.
- pan -
Distribute an audio signal amongst four channels.
- pareq -
Implementation of Zoelzer's parametric equalizer filters.
- partials -
Partial track spectral analysis.
- pcauchy -
Cauchy distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- pchbend -
Get the current pitch-bend value for this channel.
- pchmidi -
Get the note number of the current MIDI event, expressed in pitch-class units.
- pchmidib -
Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in pitch-class units.
- pchoct -
Converts an octave-point-decimal value to pitch-class.
- pconvolve -
Convolution based on a uniformly partitioned overlap-save algorithm
- peak -
Maintains the output equal to the highest absolute value received.
- peakk -
Deprecated.
- pgmassign -
Assigns an instrument number to a specified MIDI program.
- phaser1 -
First-order allpass filters arranged in a series.
- phaser2 -
Second-order allpass filters arranged in a series.
- phasor -
Produce a normalized moving phase value.
- phasorbnk -
Produce an arbitrary number of normalized moving phase values.
- pinkish -
Generates approximate pink noise.
- pitch -
Tracks the pitch of a signal.
- pitchamdf -
Follows the pitch of a signal based on the AMDF method.
- planet -
Simulates a planet orbiting in a binary star system.
- pluck -
Produces a naturally decaying plucked string or drum sound.
- poisson -
Poisson distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- polyaft -
Returns the polyphonic after-touch pressure of the selected note number.
- pop -
Pops values from the global stack.
- pop_f -
Pops an f-sig frame from the global stack.
- port -
Applies portamento to a step-valued control signal.
- portk -
Applies portamento to a step-valued control signal.
- poscil -
High precision oscillator.
- poscil3 -
High precision oscillator with cubic interpolation.
- pow -
Computes one argument to the power of another argument.
- powoftwo -
Performs a power-of-two calculation.
- prealloc -
Creates space for instruments but does not run them.
- print -
Displays the values init, control, or audio signals.
- printf -
printf-style formatted output
- printk -
Prints one k-rate value at specified intervals.
- printk2 -
Prints a new value every time a control variable changes.
- printks -
Prints at k-rate using a printf() style syntax.
- prints -
Prints at init-time using a printf() style syntax.
- product -
Multiplies any number of a-rate signals.
- pset -
Defines and initializes numeric arrays at orchestra load time.
- puts -
Print a string constant or variable
- push -
Pushes a value into the global stack.
- push_f -
Pushes an f-sig frame into the global stack.
- pvadd -
Reads from a pvoc file and uses the data to perform additive synthesis.
- pvbufread -
Reads from a phase vocoder analysis file and makes the retrieved data available.
- pvcross -
Applies the amplitudes from one phase vocoder analysis file to the data from a second file.
- pvinterp -
Interpolates between the amplitudes and frequencies of two phase vocoder analysis files.
- pvoc -
Implements signal reconstruction using an fft-based phase vocoder.
- pvread -
Reads from a phase vocoder analysis file and returns the frequency and amplitude from a single analysis channel or bin.
- pvsadsyn -
Resynthesize using a fast oscillator-bank.
- pvsanal -
Generate an fsig from a mono audio source ain, using phase vocoder overlap-add analysis.
- pvsarp -
Arpeggiate the spectral components of a streaming pv signal.
- pvscross -
Performs cross-synthesis between two source fsigs.
- pvscent -
Calculate the spectral centroid of a signal.
- pvsdemix -
Spectral azimuth-based de-mixing of stereo sources.
- pvsfread -
Read a selected channel from a PVOC-EX analysis file.
- pvsfreeze -
Freeze the amplitude and frequency time functions of a pv stream according to a control-rate
trigger.
- pvsftr -
Reads amplitude and/or frequency data from function tables.
- pvsftw -
Writes amplitude and/or frequency data to function tables.
- pvsifd -
Instantaneous Frequency Distribution, magnitude and phase analysis.
- pvsinfo -
Get information from a PVOC-EX formatted source.
- pvsinit -
Initialise a spectral (f) variable to zero.
- pvsmaska -
Modify amplitudes using a function table, with dynamic scaling.
- pvsynth -
Resynthesise using a FFT overlap-add.
- pvscale -
Scale the frequency components of a pv stream.
- pvshift -
Shift the frequency components of a pv stream, stretching/compressing
its spectrum.
- pvsmix -
Mix 'seamlessly' two pv signals.
- pvsmooth -
Smooth the amplitude and frequency time functions of a pv stream using parallel 1st order
lowpass IIR filters with time-varying cutoff frequency.
- pvsfilter -
Multiply amplitudes of a pvoc stream by those of a second
pvoc stream, with dynamic scaling.
- pvsblur -
Average the amp/freq time functions of each analysis channel for
a specified time.
- pvstencil -
Transforms a pvoc stream according to a masking function table.
- pvsvoc -
Combine the spectral envelope of one fsig with the excitation (frequencies) of another.
- pyassign Opcodes - Assign the value of the given Csound variable to a Python variable possibly destroying its previous content.
- pycall Opcodes - Invoke the specified Python callable at
k-time and i-time (i suffix), passing the given arguments. The call is
perfomed in the global environment, and the result (the returning
value) is copied into the Csound output variables specified.
- pyeval Opcodes - Evaluate a generic Python expression and store the result in a Csound variable at k-time or i-time (i suffix).
- pyexec Opcodes - Execute a script from a file at k-time or i-time (i suffix).
- pyinit Opcodes - Initialize the Python interpreter.
- pyrun Opcodes - Run a Python statement or block of statements.
- rand -
Generates a controlled random number series.
- randh -
Generates random numbers and holds them for a period of time.
- randi -
Generates a controlled random number series with interpolation between each new number.
- random -
Generates is a controlled pseudo-random number series between min and max values.
- randomh -
Generates random numbers with a user-defined limit and holds them for a period of time.
- randomi -
Generates a user-controlled random number series with interpolation between each new number.
- rbjeq -
Parametric equalizer and filter opcode with 7 filter types, based
on algorithm by Robert Bristow-Johnson.
- readclock -
Reads the value of an internal clock.
- readk -
Periodically reads an orchestra control-signal value from an external file.
- readk2 -
Periodically reads two orchestra control-signal values from an external file.
- readk3 -
Periodically reads three orchestra control-signal values from an external file.
- readk4 -
Periodically reads four orchestra control-signal values from an external file.
- reinit -
Suspends a performance while a special initialization pass is executed.
- release -
Indicates whether a note is in its release stage.
- repluck -
Physical model of the plucked string.
- reson -
A second-order resonant filter.
- resonk -
A second-order resonant filter.
- resonr -
A bandpass filter with variable frequency response.
- resonx -
Emulates a stack of filters using the reson opcode.
- resonxk -
Control signal resonant filter stack.
- resony -
A bank of second-order bandpass filters, connected in parallel.
- resonz -
A bandpass filter with variable frequency response.
- resyn -
Streaming partial track additive synthesis with cubic phase interpolation with
pitch control and support for timescale-modified input
- reverb -
Reverberates an input signal with a natural room frequency response.
- reverb2 -
Same as the nreverb opcode.
- reverbsc -
8 delay line stereo FDN reverb, based on work by Sean Costello
- rezzy -
A resonant low-pass filter.
- rigoto -
Transfers control during a reinit pass.
- rireturn -
Terminates a reinit pass.
- rms -
Determines the root-mean-square amplitude of an audio signal.
- rnd -
Returns a random number in a unipolar range at the rate given by the input argument.
- rnd31 -
31-bit bipolar random opcodes with controllable distribution.
- rspline -
Generate random spline curves.
- rtclock -
Read the real time clock from the operating system.
- s16b14 -
Creates a bank of 16 different 14-bit MIDI control message numbers.
- s32b14 -
Creates a bank of 32 different 14-bit MIDI control message numbers.
- samphold -
Performs a sample-and-hold operation on its input.
- sandpaper -
Semi-physical model of a sandpaper sound.
- scanhammer -
Copies from one table to another with a gain control.
- scans -
Generate audio output using scanned synthesis.
- scantable -
A simpler scanned synthesis implementation.
- scanu -
Compute the waveform and the wavetable for use in scanned synthesis.
- schedkwhen -
Adds a new score event generated by a k-rate trigger.
- schedkwhennamed -
Similar to schedkwhen but uses a named instrument at init-time.
- schedule -
Adds a new score event.
- schedwhen -
Adds a new score event.
- seed -
Sets the global seed value.
- sekere -
Semi-physical model of a sekere sound.
- semitone -
Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of semitones.
- sense -
Same as the sensekey opcode.
- sensekey -
Returns the ASCII code of a key that has been pressed.
- seqtime -
Generates a trigger signal according to the values stored in a table.
- seqtime2 -
Generates a trigger signal according to the values stored in a table.
- setctrl -
Configurable slider controls for realtime user input.
- setksmps -
Sets the local ksmps value in a user-defined opcode block.
- sfilist -
Prints a list of all instruments of a previously loaded SoundFont2 (SF2) file.
- sfinstr -
Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a stereo sound.
- sfinstr3 -
Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a stereo sound with cubic interpolation.
- sfinstr3m -
Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a mono sound with cubic interpolation.
- sfinstrm -
Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a mono sound.
- sfload -
Loads an entire SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file into memory.
- sfpassign -
Assigns all presets of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file to a sequence of progressive index numbers.
- sfplay -
Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a stereo sound.
- sfplay3 -
Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a stereo sound with cubic interpolation.
- sfplay3m -
Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a mono sound with cubic interpolation.
- sfplaym -
Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a mono sound.
- sfplist -
Prints a list of all presets of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file.
- sfpreset -
Assigns an existing preset of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file to an index number.
- shaker -
Sounds like the shaking of a maraca or similar gourd instrument.
- sin -
Performs a sine function.
- sinh -
Performs a hyperbolic sine function.
- sininv -
Performs an arcsine function.
- sinsyn -
Streaming partial track additive synthesis with cubic phase interpolation
- sleighbells -
Semi-physical model of a sleighbell sound.
- slider16 -
Creates a bank of 16 different MIDI control message numbers.
- slider16f -
Creates a bank of 16 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
- slider32 -
Creates a bank of 32 different MIDI control message numbers.
- slider32f -
Creates a bank of 32 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
- slider64 -
Creates a bank of 64 different MIDI control message numbers.
- slider64f -
Creates a bank of 64 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
- slider8 -
Creates a bank of 8 different MIDI control message numbers.
- slider8f -
Creates a bank of 8 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
- sndload -
Loads a sound file into memory for use by loscilx
- sndloop -
A sound looper with pitch control.
- sndwarp -
Reads a mono sound sample from a table and applies time-stretching and/or pitch modification.
- sndwarpst -
Reads a stereo sound sample from a table and applies time-stretching and/or pitch modification.
- socksend -
Sends data to other processes using the low-level UDP or TCP protocols
- sockrecv -
Receives data from other processes using the low-level UDP or TCP protocols
- soundin -
Reads audio data from an external device or stream.
- soundout -
Writes audio output to a disk file.
- soundouts -
Writes audio output to a disk file.
- space -
Distributes an input signal among 4 channels using cartesian coordinates.
- spat3d -
Positions the input sound in a 3D space and allows moving the sound at k-rate.
- spat3di -
Positions the input sound in a 3D space with the sound source position set at i-time.
- spat3dt -
Can be used to render an impulse response for a 3D space at i-time.
- spdist -
Calculates distance values from xy coordinates.
- specaddm -
Perform a weighted add of two input spectra.
- specdiff -
Finds the positive difference values between consecutive spectral frames.
- specdisp -
Displays the magnitude values of the spectrum.
- specfilt -
Filters each channel of an input spectrum.
- spechist -
Accumulates the values of successive spectral frames.
- specptrk -
Estimates the pitch of the most prominent complex tone in the spectrum.
- specscal -
Scales an input spectral datablock with spectral envelopes.
- specsum -
Sums the magnitudes across all channels of the spectrum.
- spectrum -
Generate a constant-Q, exponentially-spaced DFT.
- splitrig -
Split a trigger signal
- spsend -
Generates output signals based on a previously defined space opcode.
- sprintf -
printf-style formatted output to a string variable
- sqrt -
Returns a square root value.
- sr -
Sets the audio sampling rate.
- stack -
Initializes the stack.
- statevar -
State-variable filter.
- stix -
Semi-physical model of a stick sound.
- strchar -
Return the ASCII code of a character in a string
- strchark -
Return the ASCII code of a character in a string
- strcpy -
Assign value to a string variable
- strcpyk -
Assign value to a string variable (k-rate)
- strcat -
Concatenate strings
- strcatk -
Concatenate strings (k-rate)
- strcmp -
Compare strings
- strcmpk -
Compare strings
- streson -
A string resonator with variable fundamental frequency.
- strget -
Set string variable to value from strset table or string p-field
- strindex -
Return the position of the first occurence of a string in another string
- strindexk -
Return the position of the first occurence of a string in another string
- strlen -
Return the length of a string
- strlenk -
Return the length of a string
- strlower -
Convert a string to lower case
- strlowerk -
Convert a string to lower case
- strrindex -
Return the position of the last occurence of a string in another string
- strrindexk -
Return the position of the last occurence of a string in another string
- strset -
Allows a string to be linked with a numeric value.
- strsub -
Extract a substring
- strsubk -
Extract a substring
- strtod -
Converts a string to a float (i-rate).
- strtodk -
Converts a string to a float (k-rate).
- strtol -
Converts a string to a signed integer (i-rate).
- strtolk -
Converts a string to a signed integer (k-rate).
- strupper -
Convert a string to upper case
- strupperk -
Convert a string to upper case
- subinstr -
Creates and runs a numbered instrument instance.
- subinstrinit -
Creates and runs a numbered instrument instance at init-time.
- sum -
Sums any number of a-rate signals.
- svfilter -
A resonant second order filter, with simultaneous lowpass, highpass and bandpass outputs.
- syncgrain -
Synchronous granular synthesis.
- syncloop -
Synchronous granular synthesis.
- timedseq -
Time Variant Sequencer
- tb -
Table Read Access inside expressions.
- tab -
Fast table opcodes.
- tabrec -
Recording of control signals.
- table -
Accesses table values by direct indexing.
- table3 -
Accesses table values by direct indexing with cubic interpolation.
- tablecopy -
Simple, fast table copy opcode.
- tablegpw -
Writes a table's guard point.
- tablei -
Accesses table values by direct indexing with linear interpolation.
- tableicopy -
Simple, fast table copy opcode.
- tableigpw -
Writes a table's guard point.
- tableikt -
Provides k-rate control over table numbers.
- tableimix -
Mixes two tables.
- tableiw -
Change the contents of existing function tables.
- tablekt -
Provides k-rate control over table numbers.
- tablemix -
Mixes two tables.
- tableng -
Interrogates a function table for length.
- tablera -
Reads tables in sequential locations.
- tableseg -
Creates a new function table by making linear segments between values in stored function tables.
- tablew -
Change the contents of existing function tables.
- tablewa -
Writes tables in sequential locations.
- tablewkt -
Change the contents of existing function tables.
- tablexkt -
Reads function tables with linear, cubic, or sinc interpolation.
- tablexseg -
Creates a new function table by making exponential segments between values in stored function tables.
- tabplay -
Playing-back control signals.
- tambourine -
Semi-physical model of a tambourine sound.
- tan -
Performs a tangent function.
- tanh -
Performs a hyperbolic tangent function.
- taninv -
Performs an arctangent function.
- taninv2 -
Returns an arctangent.
- tbvcf -
Models some of the filter characteristics of a Roland TB303 voltage-controlled filter.
- tempest -
Estimate the tempo of beat patterns in a control signal.
- tempo -
Apply tempo control to an uninterpreted score.
- tempoval -
Reads the current value of the tempo.
- tigoto -
Transfer control at i-time when a new note is being tied onto a previously held note
- timeinstk -
Read absolute time in k-rate cycles.
- timeinsts -
Read absolute time in seconds.
- timek -
Read absolute time in k-rate cycles.
- times -
Read absolute time in seconds.
- timout -
Conditional branch during p-time depending on elapsed note time.
- tival -
Puts the value of the instrument's internal tie-in flag into the named i-rate variable.
- tlineto -
Generate glissandos starting from a control signal.
- tone -
A first-order recursive low-pass with variable frequency response.
- tonek -
A first-order recursive low-pass filter with variable frequency response.
- tonex -
Emulates a stack of filters using the tone opcode.
- tradsyn -
Streaming partial track additive synthesis
- transeg -
Constructs a user-definable envelope.
- trcross -
Streaming partial track cross-synthesis.
- trfilter -
Streaming partial track filtering.
- trhighest -
Extracts the highest-frequency track from a streaming track input signal.
- trigger -
Informs when a krate signal crosses a threshold.
- trigseq -
Accepts a trigger signal as input and outputs a group of values.
- trirand -
Linear distribution random number generator.
- trlowest -
Extracts the lowest-frequency track from a streaming track input signal.
- trmix -
Streaming partial track mixing.
- trscale -
Streaming partial track frequency scaling.
- trshift -
Streaming partial track frequency scaling.
- trsplit -
Streaming partial track frequency splitting.
- turnoff -
Enables an instrument to turn itself off.
- turnoff2 -
Turn off instance(s) of other instruments at performance time.
- turnon -
Activate an instrument for an indefinite time.
- unirand -
Uniform distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- upsamp -
Modify a signal by up-sampling.
- urd -
A discrete user-defined-distribution random generator that can be used as a function.
- vadd -
Adds a scalar value to a vector in a table.
- vadd_i -
Adds a scalar value to a vector in a table.
- vaddv -
Performs addition between two vectorial control signals
- vaddv_i -
Performs addition between two vectorial control signals at init time.
- valpass -
Variably reverberates an input signal with a flat frequency response.
- vbap16 -
Distributes an audio signal among 16 channels.
- vbap16move -
Distribute an audio signal among 16 channels with moving virtual sources.
- vbap4 -
Distributes an audio signal among 4 channels.
- vbap4move -
Distributes an audio signal among 4 channels with moving virtual sources.
- vbap8 -
Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels.
- vbap8move -
Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels with moving virtual sources.
- vbaplsinit -
Configures VBAP output according to loudspeaker parameters.
- vbapz -
Writes a multi-channel audio signal to a ZAK array.
- vbapzmove -
Writes a multi-channel audio signal to a ZAK array with moving virtual sources.
- vcella -
Cellular Automata
- vco -
Implementation of a band limited, analog modeled oscillator.
- vco2 -
Implementation of a band-limited oscillator using pre-calculated tables.
- vco2ft -
Returns a table number at k-time for a given oscillator frequency and wavform.
- vco2ift -
Returns a table number at i-time for a given oscillator frequency and wavform.
- vco2init -
Calculates tables for use by vco2 opcode.
- vcomb -
Variably reverberates an input signal with a colored frequency response.
- vcopy -
Copies between two vectorial control signals
- vcopy_i -
Copies a vector from one table to another.
- vdelay -
An interpolating variable time delay.
- vdelay3 -
An variable time delay with cubic interpolation.
- vdelayx -
A variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation.
- vdelayxq -
A 4-channel variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation.
- vdelayxs -
A stereo variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation.
- vdelayxw -
Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation.
- vdelayxwq -
Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation.
- vdelayxws -
Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation.
- vdivv -
Performs division between two vectorial control signals
- vdivv_i -
Performs division between two vectorial control signals at init time.
- vdelayk -
k-rate variable time delay.
- vecdelay -
Vectorial Control-rate Delay Paths
- veloc -
Get the velocity from a MIDI event.
- vexp -
Performs power-of operations between a vector and a scalar
- vexp_i -
Performs power-of operations between a vector and a scalar
- vexpseg -
Vectorial envelope generator
- vexpv -
Performs exponential operations between two vectorial control signals
- vexpv_i -
Performs exponential operations between two vectorial control signals at init time.
- vibes -
Physical model related to the striking of a metal block.
- vibr -
Easier-to-use user-controllable vibrato.
- vibrato -
Generates a natural-sounding user-controllable vibrato.
- vincr -
Accumulates audio signals.
- vlimit -
Limiting and Wrapping Vectorial Signals
- vlinseg -
Vectorial envelope generator
- vlowres -
A bank of filters in which the cutoff frequency can be separated under user control.
- vmap -
Maps elements from a vectorial control signal
- vmirror -
Limiting and Wrapping Vectorial Signals
- vmult -
Multiplies a vector in a table by a scalar value.
- vmult_i -
Multiplies a vector in a table by a scalar value.
- vmultv -
Performs mutiplication between two vectorial control signals
- vmultv_i -
Performs mutiplication between two vectorial control signals at init time.
- voice -
An emulation of a human voice.
- vport -
Vectorial Control-rate Delay Paths
- vpow -
Elevates each element of a vector to a scalar value
- vpow_i -
Elevates each element of a vector to a scalar value
- vpowv -
Performs power-of operations between two vectorial control signals
- vpowv_i -
Performs power-of operations between two vectorial control signals at init time.
- vpvoc -
Implements signal reconstruction using an fft-based phase vocoder and an extra envelope.
- vrandh -
Generate a sort of 'vectorial band-limited noise'
- vrandi -
Generate a sort of 'vectorial band-limited noise'
- vstaudio, vstaudiog - VST audio output.
- vstbankload - Loads parameter banks to a VST plugin.
- vstedit - Opens the GUI editor widow for a VST plugin.
- vstinit - Load a VST plugin into memory for use with the other vst4cs opcodes.
- vstinfo - Displays the parameters and the programs of a VST plugin.
- vstmidiout - Sends MIDI information to a VST plugin.
- vstnote - Sends a MIDI note with definite duration to a VST plugin.
- vstparamset,vstparamget - Used for parameter comunication to and from a VST plugin.
- vstprogset - Loads parameter banks to a VST plugin.
- vsubv -
Performs subtraction between two vectorial control signals
- vsubv_i -
Performs subtraction between two vectorial control signals at init time.
- vtablei -
Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors).
- vtablek -
Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors).
- vtablea -
Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors).
- vtablewi -
Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors).
- vtablewk -
Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors).
- vtablewa -
Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors).
- vtabi -
Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors).
- vtabk -
Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors).
- vtaba -
Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors).
- vtabwi -
Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors).
- vtabwk -
Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors).
- vtabwa -
Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors).
- vwrap -
Limiting and Wrapping Vectorial Signals
- waveset -
A simple time stretch by repeating cycles.
- weibull -
Weibull distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- wgbow -
Creates a tone similar to a bowed string.
- wgbowedbar -
A physical model of a bowed bar.
- wgbrass -
Creates a tone related to a brass instrument.
- wgclar -
Creates a tone similar to a clarinet.
- wgflute -
Creates a tone similar to a flute.
- wgpluck -
A high fidelity simulation of a plucked string.
- wgpluck2 -
Physical model of the plucked string.
- wguide1 -
A simple waveguide model consisting of one delay-line and one first-order lowpass filter.
- wguide2 -
A model of beaten plate consisting of two parallel delay-lines and two first-order lowpass filters.
- wrap -
Wraps-around the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds.
- wterrain -
A simple wave-terrain synthesis opcode.
- xadsr -
Calculates the classical ADSR envelope.
- xin -
Passes variables from a user-defined opcode block,
- xout -
Retrieves variables from a user-defined opcode block,
- xscanmap -
Allows the position and velocity of a node in a scanned process to be read.
- xscansmap -
Allows the position and velocity of a node in a scanned process to be read.
- xscans -
Fast scanned synthesis waveform and the wavetable generator.
- xscanu -
Compute the waveform and the wavetable for use in scanned synthesis.
- xtratim -
Extend the duration of real-time generated events.
- xyin -
Sense the cursor position in an output window
- zacl -
Clears one or more variables in the za space.
- zakinit -
Establishes zak space.
- zamod -
Modulates one a-rate signal by a second one.
- zar -
Reads from a location in za space at a-rate.
- zarg -
Reads from a location in za space at a-rate, adds some gain.
- zaw -
Writes to a za variable at a-rate without mixing.
- zawm -
Writes to a za variable at a-rate with mixing.
- zfilter2 -
Performs filtering using a transposed form-II digital filter lattice with radial pole-shearing and angular pole-warping.
- zir -
Reads from a location in zk space at i-rate.
- ziw -
Writes to a zk variable at i-rate without mixing.
- ziwm -
Writes to a zk variable to an i-rate variable with mixing.
- zkcl -
Clears one or more variables in the zk space.
- zkmod -
Facilitates the modulation of one signal by another.
- zkr -
Reads from a location in zk space at k-rate.
- zkw -
Writes to a zk variable at k-rate without mixing.
- zkwm -
Writes to a zk variable at k-rate with mixing.
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Score Statements and GEN Routines
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Score Statements
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GEN Routines
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The Utility Programs
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Directories.
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Soundfile Formats.
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Analysis File Generation (HETRO,LPANAL, PVANAL, CVANAL, ATSA)
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File Queries (SNDINFO)
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File Conversion (DNOISE, PVLOOK, SDIF2AD, SRCONV)
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Other Csound Utilities (MAKECSD, CS)
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Cscore
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Events, Lists, and Operations
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Writing a Main Program
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More Advanced Examples
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Compiling a Cscore Program
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Extending Csound
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Adding Unit Generators
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Creating a Builtin Unit Generator
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Adding a Plugin Unit Generator
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OENTRY Reference