Version 8.92 (2008-03-17)
Copyright © 2007, 2008 Red Hat, Inc. e outros
Esta documentação está disponível segundo os termos da Open Publication License. Para mais detalhes, veja o aviso local completo em Secção 3, “Legal Notice”.
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Últimas Notas da Versão na Web |
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Estas notas de versão poderão estar actualizadas. Vá a http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ para ver as últimas notas de versão do Fedora Core. |
Historial de Revisões | ||
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Revisão 8.92 | 2008-03-17 | fdp |
Release notes for F9 Preview Release |
O Projecto Fedora é um projecto de código aberto suportado pela comunidade e patrocinado pela Red Hat. O seu objectivo é a evolução rápida de aplicações e conteúdos 'open-source'. O Projecto Fedora tira partido dos fóruns públicos, processos abertos, inovação rápida, meritocracia e transparência, com o objectivo de produzir o melhor sistema operativo e plataforma que o 'software' livre e de código aberto pode oferecer.
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Últimas Notas da Versão na Web |
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These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit: |
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Versões Anteriores das Notas da Versão na Web |
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Se está a migrar de uma versão do Fedora anterior à imediatamente antecedente, deverá usar umas Notas de Versão mais antigas para mais informações. Poderá encontrar as Notas da Versão mais antigas em http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/. |
You can help the Fedora Project community continue to improve Fedora if you file bug reports and enhancement requests. Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugsAndFeatureRequests for more information about bugs. Thank you for your participation.
Para descobrir mais informações gerais sobre o Fedora, veja as seguintes páginas Web:
Fedora Overview
Fedora FAQ
Help and Discussions
Participate in the Fedora Project
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Referências de Documentos |
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Muitas referências poderão não funcionar correctamente no ambiente de instalação, devido a restrições de recursos. As notas da versão estão também disponíveis após a instalação, fazendo parte da página pessoal predefinida do navegador Web do ambiente de trabalho. Se estiver ligado à Internet, use estas referências para descobrir mais informações úteis sobre o Fedora e a comunidade que o cria e suporta. |
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Últimas Notas da Versão na Web |
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These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit: |
You can find a tour filled with pictures and videos of this exciting new release at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tours/Fedora9.
For a less technical user friendly summary of the important changes in this release, refer to:
Esta versão inclui versões novas significativas de muitos produtos e tecnologias-chave. As secções seguintes oferecem uma breve antevisão das maiores alterações desde a última versão do Fedora.
O Fedora inclui diversas
Uma imagem normal do Fedora para os utilizadores de estações de trabalho e servidores. Esta variante oferece um bom ciclo de actualizações e um ambiente semelhante para os utilizadores das versões anteriores do Fedora.
One of several Live images that can be run from a disc or USB flash device, and can be installed to hard disk as desired. Refer to the "Live" section for more information about the Live images.
More custom spins are available at http://spins.fedoraproject.org. These Live images can be used on USB media via the livecd-iso-to-disk utility available in the livecd-tools package.
Fedora releases are also available via Jigdo. This distribution method can improve the speed of obtaining the installation ISO images. Instead of waiting for torrent downloads to complete, Jigdo seeks the fastest mirrors it can find via the Fedora Project Mirror Manager infrastructure, and downloads the bits it needs from these mirrors. To optimize seeking these bits, you can tell Jigdo to scan a DVD or CD you already have, and cut down on redundant downloads. This feature becomes particularly useful if you:
Download all the test releases and then get the final release, in which case you have 90% of the data already with each subsequent download.
Download both the DVD and the CD set, in which case the DVD holds 95% of the data needed for the CD sets.
Download any combination of the above.
This release features GNOME 2.22. GNOME now includes a webcam photo and video creation utility called Cheese, improved network filesystem support, a new international clock applet, Google Calendar support and custom email labels in Evolution, a new Remote Desktop Viewer, improved accessibility features, and PolicyKit integration.
KDE 4.0.3 is available in the KDE Live image as well as the regular DVD.
Xfce 4.4.2 is available as part of this release.
NetworkManager 0.7 provides improved mobile broadband support, including GSM and CDMA devices, and now supports multiple devices and ad-hoc networking for sharing connections. It is now enabled by default on installations from DVD, CD, the network, and Live images.
The Fedora installer, Anaconda,
now supports partition resizing for ext2/3, NTFS
filesystems, creating and installing to encrypted file
systems, improved Rescue Mode with FirstAidKit,
independent locations for the second stage installer and
the software packages. A redesigned,
larger netboot.iso
image now features
a second stage installer partly for this reason.
Live USB images now support persistence, so your data and setting changes will be preserved even after rebooting.
PackageKit, a new set of graphical and console tools, with a framework for cross-distribution software management, has replaced Pirut in this release of Fedora. The PackageKit graphical updater is available instead of Pup. Behind PackageKit, the performance of yum has been significantly improved.
FreeIPA makes managing auditing, identity and policy processes easier by providing web-based and command line provisioning, and administration tools to ease system administration. FreeIPA combines the power of the Fedora Directory Server with FreeRADIUS, MIT Kerberos, NTP and DNS to provide an easy, out of the box solution.
Ext4, the next version of the mature and stable ext3 filesystem is available as a option in this release. Ext4 features better performance, higher storage capacity and several other new features.
This release of Fedora uses
Upstart,
an event-based replacement for
the /sbin/init
daemon.
Firefox 3 brings a number of major improvements including a native look and feel, desktop integration, the new Places replacement for bookmarks, and a re-worked address bar.
The completely free and open source Java environment OpenJDK 6 is installed by default. IcedTea 7, derived from OpenJDK 1.7, is no longer the default. IcedTea includes a browser plug-in based on GCJ, and is available for both x86 and x86_64 architectures. GCJ is still the default on PPC architecture.
OpenOffice.org 2.4, with many new features, is available as part of Fedora 9.
Fedora now includes Perl 5.10.0, which features a smaller memory footprint and other improvements.
Fedora now includes TeXLive to replace the older, unmaintained TeX distribution.
Fedora 9 features a 2.6.25 based kernel.
Kernel crashes can be more automatically reported to http://www.kerneloops.org/ and diagnosed in a friendly way via the kerneloops package installed by default. Crash signatures are commonly referred to as oopses in Linux.
Work on the start-up and shutdown in X has yielded noticeable improvements.
The proposed plans for the next release of Fedora are available at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/RoadMap.
Copyright (c) 2007 by Red Hat, Inc. and others. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0, available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/.
The Fedora Art Project created the admonition graphics (note, tip, important, caution,
and warning). Tommy Reynolds <Tommy.Reynolds@MegaCoder.com>
created the callout graphics. They all may be freely redistributed with
documentation produced for the Fedora Project.
FEDORA, FEDORA PROJECT, and the Fedora Logo are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., are registered or pending registration in the U.S. and other countries, and are used here under license to the Fedora Project.
Red Hat and the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo are registered trademarks of Red Hat Inc. in the United States and other countries.
All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respective owners.
Documentation, as with software itself, may be subject to export control. Read about Fedora Project export controls at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal/Export.
Obrigado por levar o seu tempo a fornecer os seus comentários, sugestões e relatórios de erros à comunidade do Fedora. Ao fazê-lo, ajuda a melhorar o estado do Fedora, do Linux e do 'software' livre em todo o mundo.
To provide feedback on Fedora software or other system elements, please refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugsAndFeatureRequests. A list of commonly reported bugs and known issues for this release is available from http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/F9Common.
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Reacções Apenas às Notas de Versão |
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Esta secção diz respeito às reacções sobre as notas da versão em si. |
Se sentir que estas notas da versão poderiam ser melhoradas de alguma forma, poderá, fornecer as reacções directamente aos escritores da mesma. Existem várias formas, por ordem de preferência:
If you have a Fedora account, edit content directly at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats.
Preencha um pedido de erros com este modelo: http://tinyurl.com/nej3u - Esta ligação é APENAS para 'feedback' sobre as notas da versão em si. Veja a admoestação acima para mais detalhes.
Email relnotes@fedoraproject.org.
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Últimas Notas da Versão na Web |
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These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit: |
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Guia de Instalação do Fedora |
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Para mais informações sobre a instalação do Fedora, veja em http://docs.fedoraproject.org/install-guide/. |
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Questões de instalação não cobertas nestas notas de versão |
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Se encontrar algum problema ou tiver alguma dúvida durante a instalação, que não esteja coberta por estas notas de versão, veja em http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FAQ e http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/Common. |
Anaconda is the name of the Fedora installer. This section outlines issues related to Anaconda and installing Fedora 9.
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Transferir Ficheiros Grandes |
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Se pretender transferir a imagem ISO do DVD do Fedora, tenha em mente que nem todas ferramentas podem lidar com ficheiros com mais de 2 GiB de tamanho. O wget 1.9.1-16 e posteriores, o curl e o ncftpget não têm esta limitação e poderão transferir com sucesso os ficheiros com mais de 2 GB. O BitTorrent é outro método para transferir ficheiros grandes. Para mais informações sobre a obtenção e utilização do ficheiro da torrente, veja em http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/. |
O Anaconda tem a capacidade de testar a integridade dos discos de instalação. Funciona com os métodos de instalação a partir do CD, DVD, ISO no disco rígido e do ISO por NFS. O Projecto Fedora recomenda que você teste todos os discos de instalação antes de iniciar o processo de instalação, e antes de comunicar quaisquer problemas relacionados com a instalação (muitos dos erros comunicados são derivados de facto de CDs ou DVDs gravados de forma errada).
A função mediacheck
é altamente sensível e poderá indicar alguns discos úteis como inválidos. Este resultado é causado normalmente pelos programas de gravação dos discos, que não incluem o preenchimento de espaços, ao criar os discos a partir dos ficheiros ISO. Para usar este teste, na altura do arranque, carregue em qualquer tecla para entrar no menu. Depois, carregue na tecla Tab, adicione a opção mediacheck
à lista de parâmetros e carregue em Enter.
After you complete the mediacheck function
successfully, reboot to return the system to its normal state. On
many systems, this results in a faster installation process from the
disc. You may skip the mediacheck
option when
rebooting.
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O BitTorrent Verifica Automaticamente a Integridade do Ficheiro |
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Se usar o BitTorrent, todos os ficheiros que transferir serão validados. Se o seu ficheiro acabar de ser transferido, não precisa de o verificar. Logo que grave o seu CD ou DVD, todavia, poderá usar à mesma o mediacheck. |
Poderá efectuar um teste de memória antes de começar a instalar o Fedora, carregue em qualquer tecla para entrar no menu de arranque, seleccionando a opção Memtest86 seja executado no lugar do Anaconda. O teste da memória com o Memtest86 continua até que carregue na tecla Esc.
. Esta opção corre a aplicação de teste de memória autónomo![]() |
Disponibilidade do Memtest86 |
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Deverá arrancar a partir do Disco de Instalação 1, do DVD ou de um CD-ROM de recuperação para poder usar esta funcionalidade. |
Fedora 9 supports graphical FTP and HTTP installations. However, the
installer image must either fit in RAM or appear on local storage,
such as Installation Disc 1. Therefore, only systems with more than
192MiB of RAM, or which boot from Installation Disc 1, can use the
graphical installer. Systems with 192MiB RAM or less fall back to
using the text-based installer automatically. If you prefer to use
the text-based installer, type linux text at the
boot:
prompt.
Built-in support for resizing ext2, ext3, and ntfs partitions.
Support for installation to encrypted block devices, including the root filesystem.
Consolidated network booting ISO image, replacing old
boot.iso
,
diskboot.img
, and
rescuecd.iso
.
Second stage installer location now independent of software package location.
Native installation to x86
and
x86_64
machines using EFI and
booting via grub
.
Hardware probing and detection now based on HAL and
udev
.
Support for persistence in Live images on USB flash media.
Use of /dev/hdX
on i386 and x86_64 for IDE
drives has changed to /dev/sdX
. See notes
about the importance of labeling devices for upgrades from
releases before Fedora 7, and partition limitations.
Not all IDE RAID controllers are supported. If your RAID controller is not yet supported by dmraid , you may combine drives into RAID arrays by configuring Linux software RAID. For supported controllers, configure the RAID functions in the computer BIOS.
Alguns servidores, com várias interfaces de rede, poderão não atribuir a 'eth0' à primeira interface de rede que a BIOS conhece, o que poderá fazer com que o instalador tente usar uma interface de rede diferente da usada pelo PXE. Para mudar este comportamento, use o seguinte, nos ficheiros de configuração pxelinux.cfg/*
:
IPAPPEND 2 APPEND ksdevice=bootif
As opções de configuração acima fazem com que o instalador use a mesma interface de rede que a BIOS e o PXE usam. Poderá também usar a seguinte opção:
ksdevice=link
Esta opção faz com que o instalador use a primeira interface de rede que encontrar, que esteja ligada a um comutador de rede ('switch').
Veja na página http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DistributionUpgrades alguns procedimentos detalhados recomendados no que compete à actualização do Fedora.
Whereas older IDE drivers supported up to 63 partitions per
device, SCSI devices are limited to 15 partitions per device.
Anaconda uses the
libata
driver in the
same fashion as the rest of Fedora, so it is unable to detect
more than 15 partitions on an IDE disk during the installation
or upgrade process.
Se estiver a actualizar um sistema com mais de 15 partições, poderá querer migrar o disco para a Gestão de Volumes Lógicos (LVM). Esta restrição poderá provocar conflitos com outros sistemas instalados se não suportarem o LVM. A maioria das distribuições recentes de Linux suportam o LVM, sendo que existem controladores disponíveis para outros sistemas operativos da mesma forma.
A change in the way that the Linux kernel handles storage
devices means that device names like /dev/hdX
or /dev/sdX
may differ from the
values used in earlier
releases. Anaconda solves this
problem by relying on partition labels or UUIDs for finding
devices. If these are not present, then
Anaconda presents a warning
indicating that partitions need to be labelled and that the
upgrade can not proceed. Systems that use Logical Volume
Management (LVM) and the device mapper usually do not require
relabeling.
Para ver as legendas de partições, arranque a instalação existente do Fedora e indique o seguinte comando numa linha de comandos de terminal:
/sbin/blkid
Confirme que cada linha de volume da lista tem um valor LABEL=
, como aparece em baixo:
/dev/hdd1: LABEL="/boot" UUID="ec6a9d6c-6f05-487e-a8bd-a2594b854406" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
Se forem adicionadas ou modificadas legendas dos sistemas de ficheiros, então os itens dos dispositivos no /etc/fstab
deverão ser ajustados para corresponderem:
su -c "cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.orig" su -c "gedit /etc/fstab"
Um exemplo de uma montagem com um item de legenda será o seguinte:
LABEL=f7-slash / ext3 defaults 1 1
grub.conf
Se a legenda da partição /
(raiz) foi modificada, o parâmetro 'boot' do 'kernel', no ficheiro de configuração do Grub, terá também de ser modificado:
su -c "gedit /boot/grub/grub.conf"
Uma linha de exemplo do Grub para o 'kernel' será:
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.20-1.2948.fc6 ro root=LABEL=f7-slash rhgb quiet
Se as legendas de partições foram ajustadas, ou se o ficheiro /etc/fstab
foi modificado, então arranque a instalação do Fedora existente para confirmar se todas as partições continuam a ser montadas normalmente e se a autenticação é bem sucedida. Quando terminar, reinicie com o disco de instalação introduzido para iniciar o instalador e proceder à actualização.
De um modo geral, as instalações do zero são preferidas às actualizações, principalmente nos sistemas com programas de repositórios adicionais instalados. Se estiverem instalados pacotes de terceiros no sistema, poderão não funcionar como seria esperado. Se for tentada uma actualização, o que se segue poderá ser útil:
Antes de actualizar (ou instalar), faça uma cópia de segurança do sistema por completo. Em particular, mantenha a /etc
, a /home
e, possivelmente, a /opt
e a /usr/local
, se tiver pacotes personalizados instalados aí. Se usar uma aproximação multi-arranques com um "clone" da instalação antiga em partições alternativas como método de recurso, será uma opção a considerar. A criação de discos de arranque alternativos, como disquetes com o GRUB, será também aconselhada.
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Cópias de Segurança da Configuração do Sistema |
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As cópias de segurança das configurações no |
Depois de terminar a actualização, execute o comando:
rpm -qa --last > RPMS_by_Install_Time.txt
Inspeccione o fim do resultado, à procura dos pacotes que têm uma data anterior à actualização e remova/actualize os mesmos a partir dos repositórios de terceiros, ou então tome as acções necessárias que entender. Alguns pacotes instalados previamente poderão não estar mais disponíveis em qualquer repositório configurado. Para listar todos esses pacotes, use o seguinte comando:
su -c "yum list extras"
When using a Kickstart configuration file via HTTP, kickstart file retrieval may fail with an error that indicates the file could not be retrieved. Click the OK button several times without making modifications to override this error successfully. As a workaround, use one of the other supported methods to retrieve Kickstart configurations.
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Últimas Notas da Versão na Web |
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These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit: |
Esta secção fornece notas específicas para as arquitecturas de 'hardware' suportadas pelo Fedora.
RPM supports parallel installation of multiple architectures of the same package. A default package listing such as rpm -qa might appear to include duplicate packages, since the architecture is not displayed. Instead, use the repoquery command, part of the yum-utils package, which displays architecture by default. To install yum-utils , run the following command:
su -c "yum install yum-utils"
Para listar todos os pacotes com a sua arquitectura, usando o rpm, execute o seguinte comando:
rpm -qa --queryformat "%{name}-%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n"
Poderá adicionar isto ao /etc/rpm/macros
(para uma configuração a nível do sistema) ou ao ~/.rpmmacros
(para uma configuração por cada utilizador). Ele muda a pesquisa predefinida para listar a arquitectura:
%_query_all_fmt %%{name}-%%{version}-%%{release}.%%{arch}
Esta secção cobre as informações específicas que precise de saber acerca do Fedora e da plataforma de 'hardware' PPC.
Minimum CPU: PowerPC G3 / POWER3.
Fedora 9 supports only the "New World" generation of Apple Power Macintosh, shipped from circa 1999 onward. Although "Old World" machines should work, they require a special bootloader which is not included in the Fedora distribution.
Fedora 9 supports IBM RS/6000, pSeries, iSeries, and Cell Broadband Engine machines.
Fedora 9 also supports the Sony PlayStation 3 and Genesi Pegasos II and Efika.
Fedora 9 includes new hardware support for the P.A. Semiconductor 'Electra' machines.
Recomendado para o modo-texto: G3 a 233 MHz ou melhor, 128MiB RAM.
Recomendado para o modo gráfico: G3 a 400 MHz ou melhor, 256MiB RAM.
The complete packages can occupy over 9 GB of disk space.
Final size is entirely determined by the installing spin and
the packages selected during installation. Additional disk
space is required during installation to support the
installation environment. This additional disk space
corresponds to the size of
/Fedora/base/stage2.img
(on Installation
Disc 1) plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm
on the installed
system.
In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.
Também é necessário algum espaço adicional para os dados do utilizador, assim como cerca de 5% de espaço livre, para a operação correcta do sistema.
Depois de uma breve experiência com páginas de 64KiB no Fedora Core 6, o 'kernel' do PowerPC64 mudou de novo para as páginas de 4KiB. O instalador deverá formatar de novo as partições de memória virtual, durante uma actualização.
A tecla Option, nos sistemas Apple, é equivalente à tecla Alt no PC. Onde a documentação e o instalador fizerem referências à tecla Alt, use a tecla Option. Para algumas combinações de teclas, poderá ter de usar a tecla Option em conjunto com a tecla Fn, como o caso de Option+Fn+F3 para mudar para o terminal virtual 'tty3'.
O Disco 1 de Instalação do Fedora está preparado para poder arrancar no 'hardware' que o suporte. Para além disso, poderá encontrar imagens de CDs de arranque na pasta images/
deste disco. Comportar-se-ão de forma diferente, de acordo com o 'hardware':
On most machines, the bootloader automatically boots the appropriate 32-bit or 64-bit installer from the install disc.
IBM pSeries a 64-bits (POWER4/POWER5), modelos actuais iSeries. Depois de usar o OpenFirmware para arrancar o CD, o gestor de arranque (yaboot) deverá arrancar automaticamente o instalador de 64 bits.
IBM iSeries "Legado" (POWER4). Chamados de modelos iSeries "Legados", por não usarem o OpenFirmware, precisam de usar a imagem de arranque localizada na pasta images/iSeries
da árvore de instalação.
CHRP a 32-bits (IBM RS/6000 e outros). Depois de usar o OpenFirmware para arrancar o CD, seleccione a imagem de arranque linux32
na linha de comandos boot:
para iniciar o instalador a 32-bits. Caso contrário, será iniciado o instalador a 64 bits, que não funciona.
Genesi Pegasos II / Efika 5200B.
The Fedora kernel supports both Pegasos and Efika without
the need to use the "Device Tree Supplement" from
powerdeveloper.org. However, the lack of full support for
ISO9660 in the firmware means that booting via yaboot from
the CD is not possible. Boot the 'netboot' image instead,
either from the CD or over the network. Because of the
size of the image, you must set the
firmware's load-base
variable to load
files at a high address such as 32MiB instead of the
default 4MiB:
setenv load-base 0x2000000
At the OpenFirmware prompt, enter the following command to boot the Efika update, if necessary, or the netboot image from the CD:
boot cd: /images/netboot/ppc32.img
Or from the network:
boot eth ppc32.img
You must also manually configure OpenFirmware to make the
installed Fedora system bootable. To do this, set
the boot-device
and boot-file
environment variables
appropriately, to load yaboot from
the /boot
partition. For example, a
default installation might require the following:
setenv boot-device hd:0 setenv boot-file /yaboot/yaboot setenv auto-boot? true
PA Semi Electra.
The Electra firmware does not yet support yaboot; to
install on Electra, you can boot
the ppc64.img
netboot image. After
the installation, you will need to manually configure the
firmware to load the installed kernel and initrd from
the /boot
partition. Refer to the
firmware documentation for further details.
Sony PlayStation 3. For installation on PlayStation 3, first update to firmware 1.60 or later. The "Other OS" boot loader must be installed into the flash, following the instructions at http://www.playstation.com/ps3-openplatform/manual.html. A suitable boot loader image can be found on Sony's "ADDON" CD, available from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/geoff/cell/.
Once the boot loader is installed, the PlayStation 3 should be able to boot from the Fedora install media. Please note that network installation works best with NFS, since that takes less memory than FTP or HTTP methods. Using the text option also reduces the amount of memory taken by the installer.
For more information on Fedora and the PlayStation3 or
Fedora on PowerPC in general, join the
Fedora-PPC
mailing list or the
#fedora-ppc
channel on
FreeNode.
Arranque pela rede.
Combined images containing the installer kernel and
ramdisk are located in the
images/netboot/
directory of the installation tree. They are intended for
network booting with TFTP, but can be used in many ways.
O yaboot suporta o arranque via TFTP no IBM eServer pSeries e no Apple Macintosh, pelo que o uso do yaboot em vez das imagens do netboot é aconselhado.
The ppc64-utils package has been split out into individual packages reflecting upstream packaging (ps3pf-utils, powerpc-utils, powerpc-utils-papr). Although the mkzimage command is no longer supplied, you can use the wrapper script from the kernel-bootwrapper package:
wrapper -i initrd-${KERN_VERSION}.img -o zImage-${KERN_VERSION}.img vmlinuz-${KERN_VERSION}
Esta secção cobre as informações específicas que precise de saber acerca do Fedora e da plataforma de 'hardware' x86.
In order to use specific features of Fedora 9 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.
As especificações seguintes do CPU são referidas em termos de processadores da Intel. Os outros processadores, nomeadamente as ofertas da AMD, Cyrix e VIA, que são compatíveis ou equivalentes aos seguintes processadores da Intel, também poderão ser usados com o Fedora.
Fedora 9 requires an Intel Pentium or better processor, and is optimized for Pentium 4 and later processors.
Recommended for text-mode: 200 MHz Pentium-class or better.
Recommended for graphical: 400 MHz Pentium II or better.
Minimum RAM for text-mode: 128MiB.
Minimum RAM for graphical: 192MiB.
Recommended RAM for graphical: 256MiB.
The complete packages can occupy over 9 GB of disk space.
Final size is entirely determined by the installing spin and
the packages selected during installation. Additional disk
space is required during installation to support the
installation environment. This additional disk space
corresponds to the size of
/Fedora/base/stage2.img
(on Installation
Disc 1) plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm
on the installed
system.
In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.
Também é necessário algum espaço adicional para os dados do utilizador, assim como cerca de 5% de espaço livre, para a operação correcta do sistema.
Esta secção cobre as informações específicas que precise de saber acerca do Fedora e da plataforma de 'hardware' x86_64.
In order to use specific features of Fedora 9 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.
Minimum RAM for text-mode: 256MiB.
Minimum RAM for graphical: 384MiB.
Recommended RAM for graphical: 512MiB.
The complete packages can occupy over 9 GB of disk space.
Final size is entirely determined by the installing spin and
the packages selected during installation. Additional disk
space is required during installation to support the
installation environment. This additional disk space
corresponds to the size of
/Fedora/base/stage2.img
(on Installation
Disc 1) plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm
on the installed
system.
In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.
Também é necessário algum espaço adicional para os dados do utilizador, assim como cerca de 5% de espaço livre, para a operação correcta do sistema.
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Últimas Notas da Versão na Web |
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These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit: |
A versão do Fedora inclui diversas imagens ISO Live, para além das imagens de instalação tradicionais. Estas imagens ISO são imagens de arranque, podendo-as gravar em CDs ou DVDs, usando-as para experimentar desde logo o Fedora. Também incluem uma funcionalidade que lhe permite instalar o conteúdo do Live CD no seu disco rígido, por razões de persistência e de melhor performance.
For a complete list of current spins available, and instructions for using them, refer to:
Para arrancar a partir da imagem Live, introduza-a no seu computador e reinicie. Para se autenticar e usar o ambiente de trabalho, introduza o utilizador fedora
. Carregue em Enter na linha de comandos, dado que não existe qualquer senha para esta conta. As imagens Live não se autenticam automaticamente, por isso os utilizadores poderão seleccionar uma língua preferida. Depois de se autenticar, se preferir instalar o conteúdo da imagem Live no seu disco rígido, carregue no ícone Instalar no Disco Rígido do ecrã.
Poderá fazer uma instalação em modo texto das imagens Live, usando o comando liveinst na consola.
You can add liveinst
or textinst
as a boot loader option to perform a direct installation without
booting up the live CD/DVD.
Outra forma de usar estas imagens Live é instalá-las num dispositivo USB. Para o fazer, instale o pacote livecd-tools do repositório de desenvolvimento. Depois, execute o programa livecd-iso-to-disk:
/usr/bin/livecd-iso-to-disk /path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1
Substitua o /dev/sdb1
pela partição onde deseja colocar a imagem.
Este não é um processo destrutivo; todos os dados que tiver de momento no seu dispositivo serão preservados.
Support for persistent changes with a Live image exists for Fedora 9. The primary use case is booting from a Live image on a USB flash drive and storing changes to that same device. To do this, download the Live image and then run the following command:
livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 512 /path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1
Substitua o /dev/sdb1
pela partição onde deseja colocar a imagem.
Replace 512
with the desired size in
megabytes of the persistent data, or overlay. The
livecd-iso-to-disk shell script is stored in
the LiveOS
directory at
the top level of the CD image. The USB media must have
sufficient free space for the Live image, plus the overlay, plus
any other data to be stored on the media.
Work has continued to better integrate the Live images with the rest of the system, and improve the tools used for building them. The livecd-creator utility now provides an API for building alternative front-ends, as well as tools for other types of images.
Os seguintes itens são diferentes numa instalação normal do Fedora e nas imagens Live.
As imagens Live oferecem um sub-conjunto dos pacotes disponíveis na versão normal em DVD. Ambas se ligam ao mesmo repositório que contém todos os pacotes.
SSH is disabled by default. SSH is disabled because the default username in the Live images does not have any password. However, installation to hard disk prompts for creating a new username and password.
Live image installations do not allow any package selection or upgrade capability since they copy the entire file system from media or USB disks, to the hard disk. After the installation is complete, and your system has been rebooted, you can add and remove packages as desired with the Add/Remove Packages tool, yum, or the other software management tools.
As imagens Live não funcionam na arquitectura i586
.
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The following sections contain information regarding software packages that have undergone significant changes for Fedora 9. For easier access, they are generally organized using the same groups that are shown in the installation system.
The system-config-soundcard utility has been removed, due to numerous legacy design and implementation issues. Modern technologies, including udev and the HAL, have made certain sound cards work out of the box. Any sound card not working out of the box should be reported as a bug. Preferences can still be fine-tuned within the desktop environment, using, among others, the PulseAudio tools.
Fedora 9 now includes Perl 5.10.0, the first "major" release update in perl5 in some time. The Perl interpreter itself is faster with a smaller memory footprint, and has several UTF-8 and threading improvements. The Perl installation is now relocatable, a blessing for systems administrators and operating system packagers. Perl 5.10.0 also adds a new smart match operator, a switch statement, named captures, state variables, and better error messages.
For more information, refer to:
A funcionalidade do 'plugin' installonlyn
foi incorporada no pacote de base do yum. As opções installonlypkgs
e installonly_limit
são usadas por omissão para limitar o sistema, de modo a manter apenas dois pacotes do 'kernel'. Poderá ajustar o conjunto de pacotes ou o número destes ou ainda por e simplesmente desactivar a opção por completo, de acordo com a sua vontade. Estão disponíveis mais detalhes na página de manual do yum.conf
.
O comando yum agora repete-se quando detecta um bloqueio. Esta função é útil se um servidor estiver à espera de actualizações ou se estiver a correr o yum e uma das suas interfaces gráficas em simultâneo.
The yum command now understands a cost parameter in its configuration file, which is the relative cost of accessing a software repository. It is useful for weighing one software repository's packages as greater or less than any other. The cost parameter defaults to 1000, with lower costs given priority.
In Fedora 9 Rawhide,
the /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-development.repo
file has been changed
to /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-rawhide.repo
. References
to development
in fedora-rawhide.repo
have been changed
to rawhide
. Due to the way that
RPM deals with configuration files, the
existing /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-development.repo
file is saved
as /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-development.repo.rpmsave
if it was previous modified. Users of the development repository
may need to update scripts custom configuration files to use the
new name.
The pam_mount
facility now uses a
configuration file written in XML. The
/etc/security/pam_mount.conf
file will be
converted to /etc/security/pam_mount.conf.xml
during update with
/usr/bin/convert_pam_mount_conf.pl, which
removes all comments. Any per-user configuration files must be
converted manually, with the conversion script if desired. A
sample pam_mount.conf.xml
file with detailed
comments about the available options appears at
/usr/share/doc/pam_mount-*/pam_mount.conf.xml
.
TeXLive is a replacement for the old, unmaintained TeX package. It offers new style packages and fixes many security problems with the old distribution.
The Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP) has been included directly into Fedora 9. Work is ongoing. For the latest news and documentation, refer to:
The nautilus-open-terminal package now uses a GConf key to control its behavior when launched by right-clicking the Desktop. To enable its previous behavior, which opens the resulting terminal in the user's home directory, use this command:
gconftool-2 -s /apps/nautilus-open-terminal/desktop_opens_home_dir --type=bool true
O pacote i810switch foi removido. Esta funcionalidade está agora disponível com o comando xrandr do pacote xorg-x11-server-utils.
The evolution-exchange package replaces evolution-connector , and provides a capability under the old name.
The system-config-firewall and system-config-selinux packages replace system-config-security-level . The system-config-selinux package is part of the policycoreutils-gui package.
The pilot-link package now blacklists the visor
module by default. Users are encouraged to try the direct USB access present in recent versions of pilot-link. This is enabled by passing the --port usb:
option to the various pilot-link tools, instead of the serial devices used in the past (typically /dev/pilot
or /dev/ttyUSB0
, /dev/ttyUSB1
, and so forth). For example:
pilot-xfer --port usb: --list
The hal-info and hal packages have been updated to correctly set permissions for the necessary USB devices using PolicyKit. If you have any existing manual configurations, revert the changes to avoid possible conflicts.
For further information, refer to the README.fedora
included in the pilot-link package.
The following legal information concerns some software in Fedora.
Portions Copyright (c) 2002-2007 Charlie Poole or Copyright (c) 2002-2004 James W. Newkirk, Michael C. Two, Alexei A. Vorontsov or Copyright (c) 2000-2002 Philip A. Craig
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This section covers changes and important information regarding the 2.6.25 based kernel in Fedora 9. The 2.6.25 kernel includes:
O suporte 'tickless' para o x86 a 64 bits (a versão a 32 bits foi adicionada anteriormente), que aumenta em grande medida a gestão de energia.
Alguns elementos do projecto do 'kernel' em tempo-real.
The kernel has a new version naming scheme to more closely match the upstream version naming scheme.
O ficheiro SPEC do 'kernel' chama-se agora kernel.spec
em vez de kernel-2.6.spec
.
O ficheiro SPEC do 'kernel' tem macros novas que facilitam o processo de compilação do 'kernel'. Para mais informações, consulte a página http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/CustomKernel.
The kernel in Fedora 9 no longer loads modules by default for
ISA sound cards. Load the module by hand using the command
modprobe module-name, or put an entry in
/etc/modprobe.conf
. For example, for the
Creative SoundBlaster AWE64, add the following entry:
install snd-sbawe
The Fedora kernel offers paravirt_ops
support in domU
, as part of the kernel
team's efforts to reduce the work required to produce current
Xen kernels.
Xen fully virtualized guests can directly boot a kernel and initrd image and pass kernel boot args. For more details refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XenFullvirtKernelBoot.
O Fedora poderá incluir correcções adicionais para melhorias, correcções de erros ou funcionalidades adicionais. Por esta razão, o 'kernel' do Fedora poderá não ser um equivalente alinhado com o que se chama vanilla kernel ('kernel' original) da página Web 'kernel.org':
Para obter uma lista destas actualizações, transfira o pacote RPM com o código e execute o seguinte comando sobre ele:
rpm -qpl kernel-<version>.src.rpm
Para obter um registo das alterações no pacote, execute o seguinte comando:
rpm -q --changelog kernel-<version>
If you need a user friendly version of the changelog, refer to http://wiki.kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChanges. A short and full diff of the kernel is available from http://kernel.org/git. The Fedora version kernel is based on the Linus tree.
Customizations made for the Fedora version are available from http://cvs.fedoraproject.org.
Fedora 9 includes the following kernel builds:
O 'kernel' nativo, para usar na maioria dos sistemas. O código configurado está disponível no pacote kernel-devel.
O 'kernel-PAE', para ser usado nos sistemas x86 de 32-bits com mais de 4GB de RAM, ou para os CPUs que tenham a funcionalidade 'NX (No eXecute)'. Este 'kernel' suporta tanto a versão mono-processador como a multi-processador. O código configurado está disponível no pacote kernel-PAE-devel.
O 'kernel' de virtualização para usar com o pacote de emulação Xen. O código-fonte configurado está disponível no pacote kernel-xen-devel.
Poderá instalar os ficheiros de inclusão do 'kernel', para todas as variantes do mesmo, ao mesmo tempo. Os ficheiros serão instalados na árvore /usr/src/kernels/
. Use este comando:versão
-[PAE|xen|kdump]-arquitectura
/
su -c "yum install kernel{,-PAE,-xen,-kdump}-devel"
Seleccione uma ou mais destas variantes, separadas por vírgulas e sem espaços, da forma apropriada. Indique a senha do root
quando for pedida.
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x86 Kernel Includes Kdump |
---|---|
Both the x86_64 and the i686 kernels are now relocatable, so they no longer require a separate kernel for kdump capability. PPC64 still requires a separate kdump kernel. |
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O 'Kernel' Predefinido Oferece o SMP |
---|---|
Não existe um 'kernel' SMP separado para a arquitectura i386, x86_64 e ppc64 no Fedora. O suporte de multi-processamento é oferecida no 'kernel' nativo. |
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Suporte do 'Kernel' para o PowerPC |
---|---|
Não existe o suporte para o Xen ou o kdump na arquitectura PowerPC no Fedora. O PowerPC de 32-bits tem ainda um 'kernel' SMP em separado. |
Fedora 9 does not include the kernel-source package provided by older versions since only the kernel-devel package is required now to build external modules. Configured sources are available, as described in Secção 9.3, “Variantes do 'Kernel'”.
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Compilação Personalizada do 'Kernel' |
---|---|
Para mais informações sobre o desenvolvimento do 'kernel' e sobre como lidar com 'kernels' personalizados, consulte a página http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/CustomKernel. |
Refer to http://kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lkml/reporting-bugs.html for information on reporting bugs in the Linux kernel. You may also use http://bugzilla.redhat.com for reporting bugs that are specific to Fedora.
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Esta secção explica os detalhes das alterações que afectam os utilizadores do ambiente de trabalho gráfico do Fedora.
This release features GNOME 2.22.
O ecrã inicial do GNOME foi desactivado intencionalmente. Para o activar, use o gconf-editor ou o comando seguinte:
gconftool-2 --set /apps/gnome-session/options/show_splash_screen --type bool true
O tema da janela de bloqueio não está associado ao protector de ecrã seleccionado nesta versão. Para o activar, use o gconf-editor ou o seguinte comando:
gconftool-2 --set --type string /apps/gnome-screensaver/lock_dialog_theme "system"
Blinking cursors are enabled by default in this release, and are centrally managed via a gconf setting. To turn it off, run the following command:
gconftool-2 --type bool --set /desktop/gnome/interface/cursor_blink false
GNOME 2.22 features the new Gvfs, a userspace virtual
file-system with back-ends for sftp, ftp, dav, smb, obexftp, and
others. The Gvfs system is the replacement/successor of
gnome-vfs
.
Gvfs consists of two parts:
GIO, which is a new shared library that is part of GLib and
provides the API for
gvfs
Gvfs itself, a package that contains back-ends for the various file system types and protocols
The Gvfs system runs a single master daemon,
gvfsd
, that keeps
track of the current
gvfs
mounts. Most
mounts are run in a separate daemon process. Clients talk to the
mounts with a combination of DBus calls (on the session bus and
using peer-to-peer DBus) and a custom protocol for file
contents.
A few file-system types previously supported by
gnome-vfs
may not be
yet supported by gvfs
.
Work continues to provide completed solutions for all these
types.
The GNOME Display Manager
(gdm
) has been
updated to the latest upstream code, which is a complete rewrite driven by Fedora developers.
PolicyKit can be used to control shutdown and reboot. The configuration tool gdmsetup is currently missing, and is set to be replaced. For configuration changes, refer to the following:
http://live.gnome.org/GDM/2.22/Configuration
New features available on the login screen include:
nicer graphical effects
power management and monitoring on the login screen, so the laptop hibernates or shuts down when the battery gets low
smarter user list
keyboard layout selector on the login screen
For more information on this feature:
This release features KDE 4.0.3. As the kdepim and kdevelop packages are not part of KDE 4.0 and kdewebdev is only partially available (no Quanta) in KDE 4.0, the KDE 3.5.9 versions of those packages are shipped.
KDE 4.0 features upgrades to core components such as the port to Qt 4. It also introduces a number of brand new frameworks such as the Phonon, a multimedia API; Solid, a hardware integration framework; Plasma, a re-written desktop and panel with many new concepts; integrated desktop search; compositing as a feature of KWin; and a brand new visual style called Oxygen. KDE 4.0.3 is a bugfix release from the KDE 4.0 release series.
Fedora 9 does not include the legacy KDE 3 Desktop. It does include a compatibility KDE 3 Development Platform, which can be used to build and run KDE 3 applications within KDE 4 or any other desktop environment. Refer to the Backwards Compatibility section for more details about what is included.
Since networkmanager
does
not work with the version of
NetworkManager available in this
release, the KDE Live images use
nm-applet
from
NetworkManager-gnome as a replacement. The
gnome-keyring-daemon
facility saves passwords for these encryption technologies. (The
dummy knetworkmanager package from Fedora 8
that only called
nm-applet
is no longer
used.)
As the native KWin window manager now optionally supports compositing and desktop effects, the KDE Live images no longer include Compiz/Beryl. The KWin compositing/effects mode is disabled by default, but can be enabled in systemsettings.
Plasma replaces the old Kicker and KDesktop. Plasma manages both the panel and the desktop, and it is now possible to place the same Plasma applets (plasmoids) on both the panel and the desktop if the applet supports the size restrictions imposed by the panel.
The old KDE Control Center (KControl) has been replaced by System Settings (systemsettings).
The KDM login manager uses a new theme format. Therefore, KDM themes written for KDE 3 do not work with the KDM in KDE 4. KDM now includes support for theme configuration, thus the external kdmtheme tool is no longer needed.
All the above applications can be found in the kdebase-workspace package.
The packages qt , kdelibs , and kdebase now represent the KDE 4 version, obsoleting the qt4 , kdelibs4 , and kdebase4 packages in previous releases of Fedora.
The Qt/KDE 3 versions have been renamed qt3 , kdelibs3 , and kdebase3 . Fedora 9 only includes parts of kdebase3 . Refer to the Backwards Compatibility section for details.
Upstream KDE has split the kdebase module into three modules: kdebase-runtime , kdebase (sometimes called kdebase-apps to distinguish it from the old monolithic kdebase ), and kdebase-workspace . This split is reflected in the Fedora packages.
Fedora 9 adds a kdegames3 package containing the games not yet ported to KDE 4.
Dolphin, which is part of kdebase , replaces d3lphin .
The kdebase-workspace package now includes support for KDM theme configuration, and therefore obsoletes kdmtheme .
Okular replaces KPDF, KGhostView, and KFax in kdegraphics .
The package kaider replaces KBabel, which used to be part of kdesdk .
The okteta package replaces KHexEdit, which used to be part of kdeutils .
The packages kalgebra and marble are now part of kdeedu .
The ksudoku package is now part of kdegames .
The package gwenview is now part of kdegraphics .
The kiconedit and kcoloredit packages, which used to be part of kdegraphics , are now separate packages.
The package kmid , which used to be part of kdemultimedia , is now a separate package.
The Fedora KDE team has decided to drop the -extras sub-packages, which contained deprecated or unstable applications, because those applications have been either fixed or dropped in KDE 4.
The package kdeadmin-kpackage has been split out of kdeadmin because KPackage now depends on smart .
KDE 4 dropped the kdeaddons module. Therefore, there is no kdeaddons package in Fedora 9. The Atlantik Designer, for use with kdegames3 , is still available as kdeaddons-atlantikdesigner. The ksig application and the konq-plugins Konqueror plugins are now their own packages, and extragear-plasma replaces the Kicker addons.
The Bluetooth feature in Fedora 9 (http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/BluetoothFedora9) has several enhancements specific to this release. The future generations of this feature are covered with greater detail at:
http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureBluetooth
File sending to a Bluetooth device is now handled with the bluetooth-sendto program from the bluez-gnome package, which replaces gnome-obex-sen. Send a file in Nautilus from the function in the right-click context menu.
Pulling files from a Bluetooth device is now included in gnome-user-share , which has ObexFTP and ObexPush support built-in. Share files via (ObexFTP support), or pull files using ObexPush with .
Files on the remote Bluetooth device can be viewed directly in Nautilus through GVFS, which supports Bluetooth devices. Synchronizing a Bluetooth device with a personal information manager (PIM) device is done using gnome-pilot
Browsing of Bluetooth devices is done via the right-click context menu from the Bluetooth icon on the desktop panel.
Applications that require the Gecko engine have had to depend on the entirety of Firefox. XULRunner is the Mozilla effort to split the browser engine for applications that require only that functionality, and no user interface parts. This split provides more API/ABI stability and a cleaner build environment for applications using Gecko. Many of the applications in Fedora that previously used Gecko now are built against XULRunner.
For a current status, visit http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XULRunner. To help with development, visit http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureXULRunnerAPIChanges.
For full upstream documentation, refer to http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/XULRunner.
This release of Fedora includes version 3.0 of the popular Firefox web browser. Refer to http://firefox.com/ for more information about Firefox. The nspluginwrapper package is included by default even on 32-bit systems since it separates the plugins to run in their own address space, which increases security and reliability of the browser.
For information about Firefox 3.0 in Fedora, refer to this feature page:
http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/Firefox3
Fedora includes swfdec and gnash , which are free and open source implementations of Flash. We encourage you to try either or them before seeking out Adobe's proprietary Flash plugin software.
Users of Fedora x86_64 must install the nspluginwrapper.i386 package to enable the 32-bit Adobe Flash plugin in x86_64 Firefox and the pulseaudio-libs.i386 package to enable sound from the plugin.
Create the 32bit mozilla plugin directory:
su -c "mkdir -p /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins"
Install the nspluginwrapper.i386 , nspluginwrapper.x86_64 , and pulseaudio-libs.i386 packages:
su -c "yum install nspluginwrapper.{i386,x86_64} pulseaudio-libs.i386"
Instale o flash-plugin como é indicado em cima.
Execute o mozilla-plugin-config para registar o 'plugin' do Flash:
su -c "mozilla-plugin-config -i -g -v"
Feche todas as janelas do Firefox e depois lance o Firefox de novo.
Escreva about:plugins
na barra do URL para garantir que o 'plugin' é carregado.
PC speaker is enabled by default in Fedora. If you do not prefer this, there are two ways to circumvent the sounds:
Reduce its volume to a acceptable level or completely mute the PC speaker in alsamixer with the setting for .
Disable the PC speaker system wide by running the following commands in a console.
su - modprobe -r pcspkr echo "install pcspkr :" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
The new clock applet in the GNOME panel has expanded to support additional international timezones in the display, as well as weather information for each configured timezone displayed. This work, which involved merging intlclock with the GNOME clock applet, provides all the functionality of system-config-date and the weather applet. Additional features include: users can choose arbtirary locations instead of principal timezones; UI enhancements for new and old functions; and full weather information shown in a tool tip.
Read more about this feature:
There is a new default spell checking back-end, hunspell, for both the GNOME and KDE desktops, as well as applications such as OpenOffice.org, Firefox, and other XULRunner-based applications. This common back-end includes a set of shared, multi-lingual dictionaries for use with hunspell. This feature uses a single set of common dictionaries regardless of the application, which gives consistent suggestions for misspelled words and uses less diskspace by eliminating duplicate dictionaries.
Details on this effort are here:
Fedora 9 ships with Compiz 0.7.2, which improves multi-display support, adds KDE4 support, adds a configurable middle and right-click button, and mouse wheel actions for GTK Window Decorator. Compiz 0.7.2 adds many improvements and bug fixes.
For further details, refer to the Compiz 0.7.2 release announcement:
http://lists.compiz-fusion.org/pipermail/community/2008-March/000168.html
Due to a bug in the shipping xorg-x11-drv-vmmouse driver, the mouse position may not be correctly positioned on a virtual machine guest's display. As a workaround until an update, add Option NoAutoAddDevices
to the ServerFlags
section of /etc/X11/xorg.conf
in the guest machine. Create the section if necessary:
Section "ServerFlags" Option "NoAutoAddDevices" EndSection
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Fedora 9 provides basic support for encrypted swap partitions and
non-root file systems. To use it, add entries to
/etc/crypttab
and reference the created devices
in /etc/fstab
.
New in Fedora 9, the installer Anaconda has support for creating encrypted file systems during installation. For more information on that, refer to the Fedora Installation Guide.
Installing to encrypted volumes, including the root file system, is now supported. There is no configuration tool for adding or removing keys from volumes at a later time, or otherwise doing modification of the encryption. Refer to this feature page for more information:
http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureEncryptedFilesystems
For full instructions on using encrypted file systems, refer to the Fedora Encryption and Privacy Guide.
The new ext4 file system is available in Fedora 9 as a nearly feature complete preview. While an ext3 file system can be mounted as ext4, an ext3 to ext4 conversion tool is planned that converts existing ext3 on-disk format to ext4.
Fedora 9 may be installed onto an ext4 file system by adding the ext4
option to the installer boot parameters and selecting custom partitioning.
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e2fsprogs userspace tools |
---|---|
The e2fsprogs userspace tools shipping with Fedora 9 are not yet fully ext4-capable. In particular, fsck ability is limited. |
For more information about this feature:
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Os utilizadores do módulo mod_dbd
deverão reparar que o controlador de DBD do apr-util
para o PostgreSQL é distribuído agora como um módulo carregado dinamicamente em separado. O módulo do controlador está agora incluído no pacote apr-util-pgsql. Também está disponível um controlador para MySQL no pacote apr-util-mysql.
O SQLAlchemy foi actualizado para a versão 0.4.x. As Aplicações do TurboGears foram desenvolvidas com base no SQLAlchemy para a sua camada de base de dados terão de actualizar os seus programas iniciais. Em vez de:
import pkg_resources pkg_resources.require('TurboGears')
o programa inicial deverá ter:
__requires__ = 'TurboGears[future]' import pkg_resources
Drupal has been updated from the 5.x series to 6.2. For details, refer to:
Remember to log in to your site as the admin user, and disable any third-party modules before upgrading this package. After upgrading the package:
Copy
/etc/drupal/default/settings.php.rpmsave
to /etc/drupal/default/settings.php
, and
repeat for any additional sites' settings.php files.
Browse to http://host/drupal/update.php to run the upgrade script.
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Esta secção diz respeito aos servidores e agentes de transferência de correio electrónico (MTAs).
By default, the Sendmail mail transport agent (MTA) does not accept network connections from any host other than the local computer. To configure Sendmail as a server for other clients:
Edit /etc/mail/sendmail.mc
and either
change the DAEMON_OPTIONS
line to also listen
on network devices, or comment out this option entirely using
the dnl
comment delimiter.
Install the sendmail-cf package:
yum install sendmail-cf
Regenerate /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
:
make -C /etc/mail
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Esta secção cobre várias ferramentas e funcionalidades de desenvolvimento.
This release of Fedora has been built with GCC 4.3.0, which is included with the distribution.
For more information on GCC 4.3, refer to:
Starting with gcc-4.1.2-25 and
glibc-2.6.90-14 , the
-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2
option protects not only
C code, but also C++. There have been several security issues
already which would not have been exploitable if this checking
was in place earlier. Refer to this
announcement:
https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-devel-announce/2007-September/msg00015.html for more details.
This release of Fedora includes Fedora Eclipse, based on the Eclipse SDK version 3.3.2. You can read the "New and Noteworthy" page for the 3.3.x series of releases can be accessed at:
http://download.eclipse.org/eclipse/downloads/drops/R-3.3-2007-06251500/whatsnew/eclipse-news.html
Release notes specific to 3.3.2 are available at:
http://www.eclipse.org/eclipse/development/readme_eclipse_3.3.2.html
The Eclipse SDK is known variously as "the Eclipse Platform," "the Eclipse IDE," and "Eclipse." The Eclipse SDK is the foundation for the combined release of twenty-one Eclipse projects under the Callisto combined release umbrella:
A few of these Europa projects are included in Fedora:
CDT for C/C++ development:
GEF, the Graphical Editing Framework:
Mylyn, a task-focused UI for Eclipse, along with task connectors for Bugzilla and Trac:
Os outros projectos do Eclipse disponíveis no Fedora incluem:
Subclipse, for integrating Subversion version control:
PyDev, for developing in Python:
PHPeclipse, for developing in PHP:
Assistance in getting more projects packaged and tested with GCJ is always welcome. Contact the interested parties through fedora-devel-java-list and/or #fedora-java on freenode:
http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/fedora-devel-java-list/
Fedora also includes plugins and features that are particularly useful to FLOSS hackers, ChangeLog editing with eclipse-changelog , and Bugzilla interaction with eclipse-mylyn-bugzilla . Our CDT package, eclipse-cdt , includes a snapshot release of work to integrate with the GNU Autotools.
The latest information regarding these projects can be found at the Fedora Eclipse Project page:
http://sourceware.org/eclipse/
O Fedora Eclipse contém uma modificação para permitir aos utilizadores não-root
, para estes poderem tirar partido da funcionalidade de Gestão de Actualizações, de modo a instalar 'plugins' e funcionalidades sem pacotes. Estes 'plugins' são instalados na pasta pessoal do utilizador, sob a pasta .eclipse
. Repare que, contudo, estes 'plugins' não estão associados directamente ao GCJ, pelo que poderão correr mais lentos que o esperado.
Os JRE's gratuitos do Fedora não satisfazem todos os utilizadores, como tal o Fedora permite a instalação de JREs alternativos. Existe apenas um detalhe sobre as instalações de JREs proprietários em máquinas de 64 bits.
As bibliotecas de JNI a 64-bits, fornecidas por omissão nos sistemas x86_64, no Fedora, não funcionam nos JREs proprietários a 32-bits. Por outras palavras, não tente executar os pacotes do Eclipse x86_64 do Fedora com o JRE da Sun a 32 bits, porque falham da forma mais obscura. Tanto poderá mudar para uma alternativa de Java a 64-bits como instalar a versão a 32 bits dos pacotes, se estiverem disponíveis. Para instalar uma versão a 32 bits, use o seguinte comando:
yum install <package_name>.i386
Da mesma forma, as bibliotecas do JNI a 32-bits, fornecidas por omissão nos sistemas 'ppc64', não funcionam num JRE a 64 bits. Para instalar a versão a 64 bits, use o seguinte comando:
yum install <package_name>.ppc64
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Esta secção realça vários itens de segurança do Fedora.
Fedora continues to improve its many proactive security features.
The glibc package in Fedora 8 had support for passwords using SHA-256 and SHA-512 hashing. Previously, only DES and MD5 were available. These tools have been extended in Fedora 9. Password hashing using the SHA-256 and SHA-512 hash functions is now supported.
To switch to SHA-256 or SHA-512 on an installed system, use authconfig --passalgo=sha256 --update or authconfig --passalgo=sha512 --update. Alternatively, use the authconfig-gtk GUI tool to configure the hashing method. Existing user accounts will not be affected until their passwords are changed.
SHA-512 is used by default on newly installed systems. Other
algorithms can be configured only for kickstart installations, by
using the --passalgo
or
--enablemd5
options for the kickstart
auth
command. If your installation does not use
kickstart, use authconfig as described above,
and then change the root user password, and passwords for other
users created after installation.
New options now appear in libuser , pam , and shadow-utils to support these password hashing algorithms. Running authconfig configures all these options automatically, so it is not necessary to modify them manually.
New values for the crypt_style
option, and
the new options hash_rounds_min
, and
hash_rounds_max
, are now supported in the
[defaults]
section of
/etc/libuser.conf
. Refer to the
libuser.conf(5) man page for details.
New options, sha256
, sha512
,
and rounds
, are now supported by the
pam_unix
PAM module. Refer to the
pam_unix(8) man page for details.
New options, ENCRYPT_METHOD
,
SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
, and
SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS
, are now supported in
/etc/login.defs
. Refer to the
login.defs(5) man page for details.
Corresponding options were added to
chpasswd(8) and
newusers(8).
FORTIFY_SOURCE
protection now covers asprintf
,
dprintf
,
vasprintf
,
vdprintf
,
obstack_printf
and
obstack_vprintf
. This improvement is
particularly useful for applications that use the
glib2 library, as several of its functions
use vasprintf
.
Different roles are now available, to allow finer-grained access control:
guest_t
does not allow
running setuid binaries, making network connections, or
using a GUI.
xguest_t
disallows network access
except for HTTP via a Web browser, and no setuid binaries.
user_t
is ideal for office
users: prevents becoming root via setuid applications.
staff_t
is same as
user_t
, except that root
access via sudo is allowed.
unconfined_t
provides full
access, the same as when not using SELinux.
As well, browser plug-ins wrapped with nspluginwrapper, which is the default, now run confined.
In Fedora 9, the default firewall behavior has changed. There are no default ports open, except for SSH (22), which is opened by Anaconda.
A general introduction to the many proactive security features in Fedora, current status, and policies is available at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Security.
As páginas do projecto SELinux têm dicas de resolução de problemas, explicações e referências para documentação e outros dados importantes. Algumas das referências importantes incluem o seguinte:
New SELinux project pages: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/SELinux
Troubleshooting tips: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/SELinux/Troubleshooting
Frequently Asked Questions: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/selinux-faq/
Listing of SELinux commands: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/SELinux/Commands
Details of confined domains: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/SELinux/Domains
Free IPA is a centrally managed identity, policy, and audit installation.
The IPA server installer assumes a relatively clean system, installing and configuring several services:
a Fedora Directory Server instance
KDC
Apache
ntpd
TurboGears
Some effort is made to be able to roll back the changes made but
they are not guaranteed. Similarly the
ipa-client-install tool overwrites PAM
(/etc/pam.conf
) and Kerberos
(/etc/krb5.conf
) configurations.
IPA does not support other instances of Fedora Directory Server on the same machine at install time, even listening on different ports. In order to install IPA, other instances must be removed. IPA itself can handle this removal.
There is currently no mechanism for migrating existing users into an IPA server.
The server self-configures to be a client of itself. If the Directory Server or KDC fail to start on bootup, boot into single-user mode in order to resolve the issue.
For more information, refer to this feature page:
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Fedora 9 includes OpenJDK 6, an Free Software implementation of the Java Platform, Standard Edition. OpenJDK 6 is not yet Java compatible; work is underway to certify it.
Fedora will track Sun's stable OpenJDK 6 branch.
The OpenJDK 6 packages, java-1.6.0-openjdk*
,
replace their
IcedTea
counterparts, java-1.7.0-icedtea*
. The Fedora
8 IcedTea packages track the unstable OpenJDK 7 branch, whereas
the java-1.6.0-openjdk*
packages track the
stable OpenJDK 6 branch. The decision to have OpenJDK 6 replace
IcedTea was made for several reasons:
Sun has replaced most of the encumbrances for which IcedTea was providing replacements. For the rest of the encumbrances, replacements have been merged from the IcedTea project.
IcedTea's mandate is to merge as much as possible with OpenJDK, so the differences between IcedTea and OpenJDK should diminish over time.
OpenJDK 6 is a stable branch, whereas OpenJDK 7 is unstable, and is not expected to ship a stable release until 2009.
Sun has licensed the OpenJDK trademark for use in Fedora.
Shipping both OpenJDK 6 and IcedTea would have been confusing, and would have added size to the distribution.
IcedTea continues to provide autotools support (
autoconf , automake ,
libtool , and so on), a portable interpreter
for PowerPC and 64-bit PowerPC architectures, plugin support, Web
Start support, and patches to integrate OpenJDK into Fedora. The
IcedTea sources are included in the
java-1.6.0-openjdk
SRPM.
If IcedTea is already installed, the package changeover does not happen automatically. The packages related to IcedTea based on OpenJDK 7 must first be erased, then the new OpenJDK 6 packages installed.
su -c "yum erase java-1.7.0-icedtea{,-plugin}" su -c "yum install java-1.6.0-openjdk{,-plugin}"
Upstream OpenJDK does not provide a plugin. The Fedora OpenJDK
packages include an adaptation of
gcjwebplugin
, that runs untrusted applets
safely in a Web browser. The plugin is packaged as
java-1.6.0-openjdk-plugin
.
The gcjwebplugin
adaptation has no
support for the
bytecode-to-JavaScript
bridge (LiveConnect). Applets that rely on this bridge
will not work. Experimental LiveConnect support exists in the
IcedTea repository, but is not ready for deployment in Fedora.
The gcjwebplugin
adaptation does not
support
signed
applets. Signed applets will run in untrusted mode.
Experimental support for signed applets is present in the
IcedTea repository, but it is not ready for deployment in
Fedora.
The gcjwebplugin
security policy may be
too restrictive. To enable restricted applets, run the
firefox -g command in a terminal window to
see what is being restricted, and then grant the restricted
permission in the
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0/jre/lib/security/java.policy
file.
Upstream OpenJDK does not provide Web Start support. Experimental Web Start support via NetX is present in the IcedTea repository, but is not ready for deployment in Fedora.
Fedora includes many packages derived from the JPackage Project. Some of these packages are modified in Fedora to remove proprietary software dependencies, and to make use of GCJ's ahead-of-time compilation feature. Use the Fedora repositories to update these packages, or use the JPackage repository for packages not provided by Fedora. Refer to the JPackage website for more information about the project, and the software it provides.
An incompatibility between Fedora and the JPackage jpackage-utils , that prevented installing JPackage's jpackage-utils on Fedora, is resolved in this release.
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Investigue a compatibilidade de pacotes antes de instalar as aplicações dos repositórios do Fedora e do JPackage no mesmo sistema. Os pacotes incompatíveis poderão causar questões complexas. |
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Fedora 9 features the Upstart initialization system. All System V
init scripts should run fine in compatibility mode. However, users
who have made customizations to their
/etc/inittab
file will need to port those
modifications to upstart. For information on how upstart works, see the init(8) and initctl(8) man pages. For information on writing upstart scripts, see the events(5) man page, and also the Upstart Getting Started Guide:
Fedora 9 features NetworkManager. NetworkManager 0.7 provides improved mobile broadband support, including GSM and CDMA devices, and now supports multiple devices, ad-hoc networking for sharing connections, and the use of system-wide network configuration. It is now enabled by default on all installations. When using NetworkManager, be aware of the following:
NetworkManager does not currently support all virtual device types. Users who use bridging, bonding, or VLANs may need to switch to the old network service after configuration of those interfaces.
NetworkManager starts the network asynchronously. Users who have applications that require the network to be fully initialized during boot should set the NETWORKWAIT
variable in /etc/sysconfig/network
. Please file bugs about cases where this is necessary, so we can fix the applications in question.
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O Fedora inclui aplicações para as várias funções multimédia, incluindo a reprodução, gravação e edição. Estão disponíveis pacotes adicionais no repositório Fedora Extras. Para mais informações sobre o multimédia no Fedora, veja a secção de Multimédia da página Web do Projecto Fedora em http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Multimedia.
A instalação predefinida do Fedora Core inclui o Rhythmbox, o Totem e o Helix Player para a reprodução multimédia. Estão disponíveis muitos outros programas nos repositórios do Fedora, incluindo o pacote conhecido XMMS e o amaroK do KDE. Tanto o GNOME como o KDE têm uma selecção de leitores de terceiros para lidar com outros formatos.
Totem, the default movie player for GNOME, now has the ability to switch playback back-ends without recompilation or switching packages. To install the xine back-end, run the following command as root:
yum install totem-xine
To run Totem with the xine back-end once, run the following command as root:
totem-backend -b xine totem
To change the default back-end to xine for the entire system, run the following command as root:
totem-backend -b xine
While using the xine back-end, it is possible to temporarily use the GStreamer back-end. To use the GStreamer back-end, run the following command as root:
totem-backend -b gstreamer
Fedora includes complete support for the Ogg media container format and the Vorbis audio, Theora video, Speex audio and FLAC lossless audio formats. These freely-distributable formats are not encumbered by patent or license restrictions. They provide powerful and flexible alternatives to more popular, restricted formats. The Fedora Project encourages the use of open source formats in place of restricted ones. For more information on these formats and how to use them, refer to the Xiph.Org Foundation's web site at http://www.xiph.org/.
Fedora cannot include support for MP3 or DVD video playback or recording. The MP3 formats are patented, and the patent holders have not provided the necessary licenses. DVD video formats are patented and equipped with an encryption scheme. The patent holders have not provided the necessary licenses, and the code needed to decrypt CSS-encrypted discs may violate the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, a copyright law of the United States. Fedora also excludes other multimedia software due to patent, copyright, or license restrictions, including Adobe's Flash Player and Real Media's Real Player. For more on this subject, please refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ForbiddenItems.
While other MP3 options may be available for Fedora, Fluendo now offers an MP3 plugin for GStreamer that has the related patents licensed for end users. This plugin enables MP3 support in applications that use the GStreamer framework as a backend. We cannot distribute this plugin in Fedora for licensing reasons, but it offers a new solution for an old problem. For more information, refer to the Installing Fluendo MP3 Plug-in or Installing MP3 Plug-in with Codeina pages.
Fedora include a variety of tools for easily mastering and burning CDs and DVDs. GNOME users can burn directly from the Nautilus file manager. The Fedora software repositories also contain additional software, such as brasero , gnomebaker , or k3b , for these tasks. Console tools include wodim, readom, genisoimage, and other popular applications.
You can use Fedora to create and play back screencasts, which are recorded desktop sessions, using open technologies. Fedora includes istanbul , which creates screencasts using the Theora video format, and 'byzanz', which creates screencasts as animated GIF files. You can play back these videos using one of several players included in Fedora. This is the preferred way to submit screencasts to the Fedora Project for either developers or end-users. For more comprehensive instructions, refer to the ScreenCasting page.
Most of the media players in Fedora support the use of plugins to add support for additional media formats and sound output systems. Some use powerful backends like the gstreamer package to handle media format support and sound output. Fedora offers plugin packages for these backends and for individual applications, and third parties may offer additional plugins to add even greater capabilities.
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Fedora provides a selection of games that cover a variety of genres. Users can install a small package of games for GNOME (called gnome-games ) and KDE ( kdegames ). There are also many additional games that span every major genre available in the repositories.
The Fedora Project website features a section dedicated to games that details many of the available games, including overviews and installation instructions. For more information, refer to:
http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Games
For a list of other games that are available for installation, select
→ , or via the command line:yum groupinfo "Games and Entertainment"
For help using yum to install the assorted game packages, refer to the guide available at
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Virtualization in Fedora 9 includes major changes, and new features, that continue to support the Xen and KVM platforms.
The Xen kernel is now based on the paravirt ops implementation from the upstream kernel. Previously, the Xen kernel was created by forward-porting Xen bits from the 2.6.18 kernel into the current Fedora kernel. This task was arduous and labor intensive, and resulted in the Xen kernel being several releases behind the bare-metal kernel. The inclusion of paravirt ops now makes this process unnecessary. Once paravirt ops is merged upstream, Xen will no longer require a separate kernel.
However, the Xen kernel now lacks Dom0 support. An existing Xen host/Dom0 must continue to run Fedora 8. Xen Dom0 support will be added back in Fedora 10.
Fully virtualized Linux guests now have 3 possible installation methods:
PXE boot from the network.
Local CDROM drive / ISO image.
Network install from a FTP/HTTP/NFS hosted distribution tree.
The latter allows for fully automated installation through the use of kickstart files. This provides parity between Xen HVM and KVM guests in terms of installation methods.
For more information refer to: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XenFullvirtKernelBoot.
Previously, Fedora introduced the ability to manage existing guest domains remotely using libvirt . It was not possible to create new guests due to the lack of storage management capabilities. In Fedora 9, new storage management can create and delete storage volumes from a remote host using libvirt .
Previously, the virt-manager application ran as root when managing a local hypervisor, and used consolehelper to authenticate from a desktop session. Running GTK applications as root is bad practice. PolicyKit integration now permits running virt-manager as a regular user.
Previously, Fedora introduced support for secure remote management using TLS/SSL, and x509 certificates. Fedora 9 improves remote management capabilities by adding support for authentication by password database, Kerberos domain controller, or system authentication using PAM. This feature applies to all tools using libvirt .
Fedora also includes the following virtualization improvements:
a new P2V tool, shipping as a Live CD, for converting a bare-metal install to a virtual guest
a new tool, xenner, for running Xen-paravirtual kernels on top of KVM
storage and network paravirtual-drivers for KVM guests
full support for monitoring network and block statistics of QEMU and KVM in libvirt and virt-top , bringing parity with statistics monitoring, previously only available to Xen guests
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This section contains information related to the X Window System implementation, X.Org, provided with Fedora.
Fedora 9 features a number of changes designed to make X faster in starting and shutting down and to make other improvements. Full details of the project can be found through this feature page:
The X.Org 1.4.99 X server has been modified to automatically
detect and configure most hardware, eliminating the need to modify
the /etc/X11/xorg.conf
configuration file.
The only hardware configured by default in the
xorg.conf
configuration file written by
Anaconda is:
the graphics driver, and
the keyboard map
All other hardware, such as monitors (both LCD and CRT), USB mice, and touchpads, should be detected and configured automatically.
The X server queries the attached monitor for supported resolution ranges, and attempts to pick the highest resolution available with the correct aspect ratio for the display. Set the preferred resolution in
→ → , and the default resolution for the system in → → .
If the /etc/X11/xorg.conf
configuration file
is not present, X automatically detects the appropriate driver,
and assumes a 105-key US keyboard layout.
In certain situations,
the evdev
driver was used, even
when the kbd
driver was
specified in /etc/X11/xorg.conf
. Removing
the evdev
driver caused errors
and warnings such as the following:
(WW) Warning, couldn't open module evdev (II) UnloadModule: "evdev" (EE) Failed to load module "evdev" (module does not exist, 0) (EE) No input driver matching `evdev' [config/hal] NewInputDeviceRequest failed (II) LoadModule: "evdev"
In Fedora 9, the XKB settings are read
from /etc/sysconfig/keyboard
, which gives
users the correct layout. The KEYTABLE
option,
configured in /etc/sysconfig/keyboard
, also
sets the layout for X. The XKB_VARIANT
and XKB_OPTIONS
variables can be configured to
customize XKB.
Refer to the Xorg third-party drivers page for detailed guidelines on using third-party video drivers.
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Fedora now provides MySQL 5.0.51.a. For a list of the enhancements provided by this version, refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/mysql-nutshell.html.
Para mais informações sobre a actualização das bases de dados a partir de versões anteriores do MySQL, veja a página Web do MySQL em http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/upgrade.html.
O controlador DBD para MySQL tinha licença dupla e as questões de licenças foram resolvidas (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=222237). O pacote resultante, o apr-util-mysql, está agora incluído nos repositórios de aplicações do Fedora.
This release of Fedora includes PostgreSQL 8.3.0. For more information on this new version, refer to http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/release-8-3.html.
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Actualizar as Bases de Dados |
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Before upgrading an existing Fedora system with a PostgreSQL database, check and then follow, if necessary, the procedure described at http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/interactive/install-upgrading.html. Otherwise the data may be not accessible by the new version of PostgreSQL. |
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Esta secção contém informações relacionadas com o suporte para várias línguas no Fedora.
A localização (tradução) do Fedora é coordenada pelo Projecto de Localização do Fedora.
A internacionalização do Fedora é mantida pelo Projecto I18n do Fedora.
Fedora features a variety of software which is translated in many languages. For a list of languages refer to the translation statistics for Anaconda, which is one of the core software applications in Fedora.
To install additional language support from the Languages group, use → , or run this command:
su -c "yum groupinstall language
-support"
In the command above, language
is one
of assamese
, bengali
,
chinese
, gujarati
,
hindi
, japanese
,
kannada
, korean
,
malayalam
, marathi
,
oriya
, punjabi
,
sinhala
, tamil
,
telegu
, thai
, and so on.
SCIM users upgrading from earlier releases of Fedora are strongly urged to install scim-bridge-gtk . This application works well with third-party C++ applications linked against older versions of libstdc++ .
To add SCIM support to input a particular language, install
scim-lang-LANG
,
where LANG
is one of
assamese
, bengali
,
chinese
, dhivehi
,
farsi
, gujarati
,
hindi
, japanese
,
kannada
, korean
,
latin
, malayalam
,
marathi
, oriya
,
punjabi
, sinhalese
,
tamil
, telugu
,
thai
, or tibetan
.
Transifex is Fedora's online tool to facilitate contributing translations to projects hosted on remote and disparate version control systems. Many of the core packages use Transifex to receive translations from numerous contributors.
Through a combination of new Web tools, community growth, and better processes, translators can contribute directly to any upstream project through one translator-oriented Web interface. Developers of projects with no existing translation community can easily reach out to Fedora's established community for translations. In turn, translators can reach out to numerous projects related to Fedora to easily contribute translations.
Fonts for all available languages are installed by default on the desktop to give good default language coverage. dejavu-fonts replaces dejavu-lgc-fonts as the default system font.
The wqy-zenkai-fonts package has been added.
The samyak-fonts package has been added.
The sarai-fonts package has been added.
The smc-fonts package has been added for Malayalam.
VLGothic-fonts is the new default font for Japanese in Fedora 9. It now has a subpackage VLGothic-fonts-proportional for its proportional version.
The madan-fonts package has been added.
The thaifonts-scalable package has been added, making Thai TrueType fonts available in Fedora.
It is now possible to start and stop the of Input Methods in GTK
applications during runtime thanks to the new
imsettings framework. The
GTK_IM_MODULE
environment variable is no longer
needed by default but can still be used to override the
imsettings.
With the new imsettings framework, im-chooser can now start and stop Input Method usage dynamically on the GNOME Desktop.
Input methods only start by default on desktops running in an
Asian locale. The current list is: as
,
bn
, gu
,
hi
, ja
,
kn
, ko
,
ml
, mr
,
ne
, or
,
pa
, si
,
ta
, te
,
th
, ur
,
vi
, zh
. Use
im-chooser via → → → to enable or disable Input
method usage on your desktop.
SCIM now only defines trigger hotkeys for Asian languages as in the following table:
Língua |
Teclas de activação |
Chinese |
|
Indic |
|
Japonês |
|
Coreano |
|
Tabela 1. Hotkeys
This release adds the scim-python package, which allows writing Input Method Engines for SCIM in python.
The scim-python package also includes a subpackage scim-python-pinyin that provides PinYin and ShuangPin Input Methods for improved input of Simplified Chinese. The PinYin Input Method replaces scim-pinyin as the default input method for Simplified Chinese. The scim-python-xingma package provides a number of tables for other Chinese input methods.
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Últimas Notas da Versão na Web |
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These release notes may be updated. To view the latest release notes for Fedora, visit: |
Fedora provides legacy system libraries for compatibility with older software. This software is part of the Legacy Software Development group, which is not installed by default. Users who require this functionality may select this group either during installation or after the installation process is complete. To install the package group on a Fedora system, use → or enter the following command in a terminal window:
su -c "yum groupinstall 'Legacy Software Development'"
Indique a senha da conta de root
, quando for pedida.
O pacote compat-gcc-34 foi incluído nesta versão, por razões de compatibilidade:
https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-devel-list/2006-August/msg00409.html
Fedora now features KDE 4.0, and no longer offers KDE 3 as a full desktop environment. Fedora does provide the following KDE 3.5 library packages to run and build the many existing KDE 3 applications:
qt3 , qt3-devel (and other qt3-* packages): Qt 3.3.8b
kdelibs3 , kdelibs3-devel : KDE 3 libraries
kdebase3 , kdebase3-devel : KDE 3 core files required by some applications
In addition, Fedora offers a kdegames3 package that includes games not ported to KDE 4 yet, and a KDE 3 version of libkdegames required by some third-party KDE 3 games.
Moreover, the KDE 4 kdebase-runtime package, which provides khelpcenter , also sets up khelpcenter as a service for KDE 3 applications, so help in KDE 3 applications works. The KDE 3 version of khelpcenter is no longer provided, and the KDE 4 version is used instead.
Estes pacotes estão desenhados para:
estar em conformidade com o Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), e
be completely safe to install in parallel with KDE 4, including the -devel packages.
In order to achieve this goal, Fedora KDE SIG members have made two changes to the KDE 4 kdelibs-devel packages:
The library symlinks are installed to
/usr/lib/kde4/devel
or
/usr/lib64/kde4/devel
depending on system
architecture.
The kconfig_compiler and makekdewidgets tools have been renamed kconfig_compiler4 and makekdewidgets4 , respectively.
These changes should be completely transparent to the vast
majority of KDE 4 applications that use cmake
to build, since FindKDE4Internal.cmake
has
been patched to match these changes. The KDE SIG made these
changes to the KDE 4 kdelibs-devel rather than
to kdelibs3-devel because KDE 4 stores these
locations in a central place, whereas KDE 3 applications usually
contain hardcoded copies of the library search paths and
executable names.
Note that kdebase3 does not include the following:
A complete KDE 3 desktop (workspace) which could be used instead of KDE 4; in particular, KDE 3 versions of KWin, KDesktop, Kicker, KSplash and KControl are not included.
The KDE 3 versions of kdebase applications such as Konqueror and KWrite, which are redundant with the KDE 4 versions and would conflict with them.
The libkdecorations library required for KWin 3 window decorations, as those window decorations cannot be used in the KDE 4 version of KWin.
The libkickermain library required by some Kicker applets, as there is no Kicker in Fedora 9 and thus Kicker applets cannot be used.
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Developing against the legacy API is discouraged |
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As with any backwards-compatibility library, developing new software against the legacy API is discouraged. |
For a list of packages that were updated since the previous release, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats/PackageChanges/UpdatedPackages. You can also find a comparison of major packages between all Fedora versions at http://distrowatch.com/fedora.
O objectivo do Projecto Fedora é trabalhar com a comunidade do Linux para criar um sistema operativo completo, de uso geral e feito exclusivamente a partir de 'software' em código aberto. O Projecto Fedora é conduzido por indivíduos que contribuem para ele. Como elemento dos testes, desenvolvimento ou traduções, poderá fazer a diferença. Veja em http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Join mais detalhes. Para mais informações sobre a comunicação com os utilizadores e contribuintes do Fedora, veja em http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate.
O Projecto Fedora é conduzido por indivíduos que contribuem para ele. Como elemento dos testes, desenvolvimento ou traduções, poderá fazer a diferença. Veja em http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Join mais detalhes. Para mais informações sobre a comunicação com os utilizadores e contribuintes do Fedora, veja em http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate.
Para além da página Web, estão disponíveis as seguintes listas de correio:
fedora-list@redhat.com, para os utilizadores das versões do Fedora
fedora-test-list@redhat.com, para os responsáveis de testes das versões em testes do Fedora
fedora-devel-list@redhat.com, para os programadores, programadores, programadores
fedora-docs-list@redhat.com, para os participantes do Projecto de Documentação
Para se inscrever em alguma destas listas, envie um e-mail com a palavra "subscribe" no assunto para o <nome-da-lista>
-request, onde o <nome-da-lista>
é um dos nomes das listas acima. Em alternativa, poderá inscrever-se na listas de correio do Fedora, através da interface Web, em http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/.
O Projecto Fedora também inclui um canal de IRC (Internet Relay Chat). O IRC é uma forma de comunicação em tempo-real e baseada em texto. Com ele, poderá ter conversas com várias pessoas num canal aberto ou falar com alguém em privado. Para falar com outros participantes no Projecto Fedora, através de IRC, aceda à rede de IRC do Freenode. Veja a página Web do Freenode em http://www.freenode.net/ para mais informações.
Os participantes do Projecto Fedora frequentam o canal #fedora
, enquanto os programadores do Projecto Fedora poderão ser encontrados normalmente no canal #fedora-devel
. Alguns dos projectos maiores poderão até ter os seus próprios canais; esta informação poderá ser encontrada nas páginas dos projectos e em http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate.
Para poder falar no canal #fedora
, terá de registar o seu nome de utilizador ou alcunha. As instruções serão dadas quando você fizer /join (ligar) ao canal.
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Canais de IRC |
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O Projecto Fedora ou a Red Hat não tem qualquer controlo sobre os canais de IRC do Projecto Fedora ou do seu conteúdo. |
Da forma como é usado o termo, o colophon significa:
reconhecer os contribuintes, fornecendo também alguma administração, e
explica as ferramentas e os métodos de produção.
Amanpreet Singh Alam (tradutor - Punjabi)
Andrew Martynov (tradutor - Russian)
Andrew Overholt (contribuinte em áreas ou 'beats')
Anthony Green (escritor de áreas ou 'beats')
Brandon Holbrook (contribuinte de áreas ou 'beats')
Bob Jensen (escritor de áreas ou 'beats')
Chris Lennert (escritor de áreas)
Clint Savage (editor)
Dave Malcolm (escritor de áreas ou 'beats')
David Eisenstein (escritor de áreas)
David Woodhouse (escritor de áreas ou 'beats')
Deepak Bhole (contribuinte em 'beats' ou áreas)
Diego Burigo Zacarao (tradutor - Português do Brasil)
Dimitris Glezos (tradutor - Grego, ferramentas)
Domingo Becker (tradutor - Espanhol)
Fabian Affolter (translator - German)
Francesco Tombolini (tradutor - Italiano)
Gavin Henry (escritor de áreas ou 'beats')
Geert Warrink (translator - Dutch)
Guido Grazioli (translator - Italian)
Hugo Cisneiros (tradutor - Português do Brasil)
Igor Miletic (tradutor - Sérvio)
Jeff Johnston (contribuinte em 'beats' ou áreas)
Jens Petersen (escritor de áreas ou 'beats')
Jesse Keating (contribuinte de áreas)
Joe Orton (escritor de áreas ou 'beats')
José Nuno Coelho Pires (tradutor - Português)
Josh Bressers (escritor de áreas ou 'beats')
Karsten Wade (escritor de áreas, editor, co-publicador)
Kevin Kofler (beat writer)
Kyu Lee (contribuinte em áreas ou 'beats')
Lenka Celkova (translator - Slovak)
Licio Fonseca (tradutor - Português do Brasil)
Lubomir Kundrak (beat contributor, translator - Slovak)
Luya Tshimbalanga (escritor de áreas ou 'beats')
Magnus Larsson (tradutor - Sueco)
Marc Wiriadisastra (writer, editor)
Marek Mahut (translator - Slovak)
Mathieu Schopfer (translator - French)
Matthieu Rondeau (translator - French)
Martin Ball (escritor de áreas ou 'beats')
Maxim Dziumanenko (tradutor - Ucraniano)
Murray McAllister (editor)
Nikos Charonitakis (tradutor - Grego)
Orion Poplawski (contribuinte de áreas ou 'beats')
Patrick Barnes (escritor de áreas, editor)
Paul W. Frields (ferramentas, editor)
Pavol Simo (translator - Slovak)
Pawel Sadowski (tradutor - Polaco)
Patrick Ernzer (contribuinte de áreas ou 'beats')
Piotr Drag (tradutor - Polaco)
Rahul Sundaram (escritor de áreas, editor)
Sam Folk-Williams (escritor de áreas)
Sekine Tatsuo (tradutor - Japonês)
Simos Xenitellis (tradutor - Grego)
Steve Dickson (escritor de áreas)
Teta Bilianou (tradutor - Grego)
ThomasCanniot (tradutor - Francês)
Thomas Gier (tradutor - Alemão)
Thomas Graf (escritor de áreas)
Tommy Reynolds (ferramentas)
Valnir Ferreira Jr. (tradutor - Português do Brasil)
Ville-Pekka Vainio (tradutor - Finlandês)
Will Woods (escritor de áreas ou 'beats')
Yoshinari Takaoka (tradutor, ferramentas)
Yuan Yijun (tradutor - Chinês Simplificado)
Zhang Yang (tradutor - Chinês Simplificado)
... e muitos mais tradutores. Veja a versão actualizada na Web destas notas da versão, dado que serão adicionados tradutores após o lançamento:
Os escritores de áreas produzem as notas da versão directamente no Wiki do Projecto Fedora. Colaboram com outros peritos na matéria durante a fase da versão de testes do Fedora para explicar as alterações e melhorias importantes. A equipa editorial garante a consistência e qualidade das áreas terminadas, e passa o material do Wiki para o DocBook em XML, num repositório de controlo de versões. Nesta altura, a equipa de tradutores produz outras versões das notas da versão, que ficarão disponíveis para o público geral como parte do Fedora. A equipa de publicação também os torna, bem como as erratas subsequentes, disponíveis através da Web.